PHP中abstract(抽象)、final(最终)和static(静态)原理与用法详解

<?php
abstract class AbstractClass
{
  // 强制要求子类定义这些方法，不定义功能实现
  abstract protected function getValue();
  abstract protected function prefixValue($prefix);

  // 普通方法（非抽象方法），子类可以不重写
  public function printOut() {
    print $this->getValue() . "\n";
  }
}

class ConcreteClass1 extends AbstractClass
{
  protected function getValue() {
    return "ConcreteClass1";
  }

  public function prefixValue($prefix) {
    return "{$prefix}ConcreteClass1";
  }
}

class ConcreteClass2 extends AbstractClass
{
 //访问方式可以更宽松
  public function getValue() {
    return "ConcreteClass2";
  }

  public function prefixValue($prefix) {
    return "{$prefix}ConcreteClass2";
  }
}

$class1 = new ConcreteClass1;
$class1->printOut();
echo $class1->prefixValue('FOO_') ."\n";

$class2 = new ConcreteClass2;
$class2->printOut();
echo $class2->prefixValue('FOO_') ."\n";
?>

<?php
abstract class AbstractClass
{
  // 我们的抽象方法仅需要定义需要的参数
  abstract protected function prefixName($name);

}

class ConcreteClass extends AbstractClass
{

  // 我们的子类可以定义父类签名中不存在的 可选参数
  public function prefixName($name, $separator = ".") {
    if ($name == "Pacman") {
      $prefix = "Mr";
    } elseif ($name == "Pacwoman") {
      $prefix = "Mrs";
    } else {
      $prefix = "";
    }
    return "{$prefix}{$separator} {$name}";
  }
}

$class = new ConcreteClass;
echo $class->prefixName("Pacman"), "\n";
echo $class->prefixName("Pacwoman"), "\n";
?>

<?php
class Foo
{
  public static $my_static = 'foo';

  public function staticValue() {
    return self::$my_static;
  }
}

class Bar extends Foo
{
  public function fooStatic() {
    return parent::$my_static;
  }
}

print Foo::$my_static . "\n";

$foo = new Foo();
print $foo->staticValue() . "\n";
print $foo->my_static . "\n";   // Undefined "Property" my_static 

print $foo::$my_static . "\n";
$classname = 'Foo';
print $classname::$my_static . "\n"; // As of PHP 5.3.0

print Bar::$my_static . "\n";
$bar = new Bar();
print $bar->fooStatic() . "\n";
?>
  </programlisting>
 </example>

 <example>
  <title>静态方法示例</title>
  <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
class Foo {
  public static function aStaticMethod() {
    // ...
  }
}

Foo::aStaticMethod();
$classname = 'Foo';
$classname::aStaticMethod(); // 自 PHP 5.3.0 起
?>