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2021
03-05

聊聊python在linux下与windows下导入模块的区别说明

我就废话不多说了,大家往下看吧~

P
|-A
| a.py
|-B
| b.py

文件结构如上,在windows下

a想运行b中的方法,可以直接写成

from B impot b
b.fun()

但是在linux中会出现

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'B'

可以通过引入sys添加路径解决

import sys
sys.path.append("/P/B")
from B impot b

在程序中为了也有良好的移植性,可以在代码中显式添加路径,

比如用os的方法:

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

或者pathlib 方法:

BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

最后可以添加到 sys.path中

sys.path.append(str(BASE_DIR))

补充:python import导入三种方式(导入不同文件夹的文件,window和linux的区别)

import导入方式

1、导入python自有的库

import json

2、导入同级目录下的文件,比如在logindev.py导入read_config.py文件

# coding = utf-8
from read_config import ReadConfig
import requests
import json
# 拼接请求参数,获取cookie,作为后续登录使用

3、导入不同级别目录下的文件:

a、windows环境

# coding = utf-8
import datetime
import allure
import pytest
import json
import sys
"""windows执行的时候,直接在系统路径上新增文件夹路径"""
sys.path.append("../common")

"""linux执行的时候,直接按照相对路径引用即可"""
from common import http_request

这段代码在linux下报如下错误:

==================================== ERRORS ====================================
_______________ ERROR collecting test_case/test_member_ticket.py _______________
ImportError while importing test module '/var/jenkins_home/workspace/pytest_allure/test_case/test_member_ticket.py'.
Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.
Traceback:
test_member_ticket.py:8: in <module>
 from common import http_request
E ImportError: No module named 'common'

b、linux环境

# coding = utf-8
import datetime
import allure
import pytest
import json
import sys
"""windows执行的时候,直接在系统路径上新增文件夹路径"""
#sys.path.append("../common")

"""linux执行的时候,直接按照相对路径引用即可"""
from ..common import http_request

这段代码在windows报如下错误:

========================================================================== ERRORS ==========================================================================
__________________________________________________________ ERROR collecting test_member_ticket.py __________________________________________________________
test_member_ticket.py:8: in <module>
 from ..common import http_request
E ValueError: attempted relative import beyond top-level package
================================================================= short test summary info ==================================================================
ERROR test_member_ticket.py - ValueError: attempted relative import beyond top-level package
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
===================================================================== 1 error in 0.46s =====================================================================

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持自学编程网。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。

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