网络上看到过很多种Uri转路径的方法，可基本上都只适用于很少的Uri值，可能没有结果(例如，对于由MediaStore索引的非本地文件)，也可能没有可用的结果(例如，对于可移动存储上的文件)。
解决方法
使用ContentResolver和openInputStream()在Uri标识的内容上获取InputStream。在控制的文件上使用InputStream和FileOutputStream复制内容，然后使用该文件。
代码如下：
private static String getFilePathForN(Context context, Uri uri) {
try {
Cursor returnCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
int nameIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);
returnCursor.moveToFirst();
String name = (returnCursor.getString(nameIndex));
File file = new File(context.getFilesDir(), name);
InputStream inputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
int read = 0;
int maxBufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
int bytesAvailable = inputStream.available();
int bufferSize = Math.min(bytesAvailable, maxBufferSize);
final byte[] buffers = new byte[bufferSize];
while ((read = inputStream.read(buffers)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffers, 0, read);
}
returnCursor.close();
inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
return file.getPath();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
附上全系统的代码：
/**
* 文件Uri转路径（兼容各品牌手机）
*/
public class PathUtils {
/**
* android7.0以上处理方法
*/
private static String getFilePathForN(Context context, Uri uri) {
try {
Cursor returnCursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null, null, null);
int nameIndex = returnCursor.getColumnIndex(OpenableColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);
returnCursor.moveToFirst();
String name = (returnCursor.getString(nameIndex));
File file = new File(context.getFilesDir(), name);
InputStream inputStream = context.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri);
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
int read = 0;
int maxBufferSize = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
int bytesAvailable = inputStream.available();
int bufferSize = Math.min(bytesAvailable, maxBufferSize);
final byte[] buffers = new byte[bufferSize];
while ((read = inputStream.read(buffers)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffers, 0, read);
}
returnCursor.close();
inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
return file.getPath();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 全平台处理方法
*/
public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) throws Exception {
final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
final boolean isN = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N;
if (isN) {
return getFilePathForN(context, uri);
}
// DocumentProvider
if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
}
}
// DownloadsProvider
else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), StringUtils.toLong(id));
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
}
// MediaProvider
else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
final String[] split = docId.split(":");
final String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
final String selection = "_id=?";
final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {
split[1]
};
return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
// MediaStore (and general)
else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
}
// File
else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 获取此Uri的数据列的值。这对于MediaStore uri和其他基于文件的内容提供程序非常有用。
*/
public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
Cursor cursor = null;
final String column = "_data";
final String[] projection = {
column
};
try {
cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
null);
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
return cursor.getString(column_index);
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e){
//do nothing
} finally {
if (cursor != null)
cursor.close();
}
return null;
}
public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
}
参考资料：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42508383/illegalargumentexception-column-data-does-not-exist
另发现一篇，亲测，Android 4.4到Android 10可用，测试的系统有VIVO、OPPO、MIUI、EMUI...
解决的国内产商问题：华为的黄色图标管理器，他返回了4.4的标准的Uri了，不是4.4以上的标准的Uri，导致解析的时候，判断到版本 > 4.4，然后用了4.4以上的标准的解析，然后失败了，并非不回调。
直接可用的代码片段：
public class FileUtils {
private Context context;
public FileUtils(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
public String getFilePathByUri(Uri uri) {
// 以 file:// 开头的
if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_FILE.equals(uri.getScheme())) {
return uri.getPath();
}
// 以/storage开头的也直接返回
if (isOtherDocument(uri)) {
return uri.getPath();
}
// 版本兼容的获取！
String path = getFilePathByUri_BELOWAPI11(uri);
if (path != null) {
LogUtils.d("getFilePathByUri_BELOWAPI11获取到的路径为：" + path);
return path;
}
path = getFilePathByUri_API11to18(uri);
if (path != null) {
LogUtils.d("getFilePathByUri_API11to18获取到的路径为：" + path);
return path;
}
path = getFilePathByUri_API19(uri);
LogUtils.d("getFilePathByUri_API19获取到的路径为：" + path);
return path;
}
private String getFilePathByUri_BELOWAPI11(Uri uri) {
// 以 content:// 开头的，比如 content://media/extenral/images/media/17766
if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme())) {
String path = null;
String[] projection = new String[]{MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int columnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
if (columnIndex > -1) {
path = cursor.getString(columnIndex);
}
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
return null;
}
private String getFilePathByUri_API11to18(Uri contentUri) {
String[] projection = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
String result = null;
CursorLoader cursorLoader = new CursorLoader(context, contentUri, projection, null, null, null);
Cursor cursor = cursorLoader.loadInBackground();
if (cursor != null) {
int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
cursor.moveToFirst();
result = cursor.getString(column_index);
cursor.close();
}
return result;
}
private String getFilePathByUri_API19(Uri uri) {
// 4.4及之后的 是以 content:// 开头的，比如 content://com.android.providers.media.documents/document/image%3A235700
if (ContentResolver.SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme()) && Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
// ExternalStorageProvider
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
String[] split = docId.split(":");
String type = split[0];
if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
if (split.length > 1) {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
} else {
return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/";
}
// This is for checking SD Card
}
} else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
//下载内容提供者时应当判断下载管理器是否被禁用
int stateCode = context.getPackageManager().getApplicationEnabledSetting("com.android.providers.downloads");
if (stateCode != 0 && stateCode != 1) {
return null;
}
String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
// 如果出现这个RAW地址，我们则可以直接返回!
if (id.startsWith("raw:")) {
return id.replaceFirst("raw:", "");
}
if (id.contains(":")) {
String[] tmp = id.split(":");
if (tmp.length > 1) {
id = tmp[1];
}
}
Uri contentUri = Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads");
LogUtils.d("测试打印Uri: " + uri);
try {
contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(contentUri, Long.parseLong(id));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String path = getDataColumn(contentUri, null, null);
if (path != null) return path;
// 兼容某些特殊情况下的文件管理器!
String fileName = getFileNameByUri(uri);
if (fileName != null) {
path = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().toString() + "/Download/" + fileName;
return path;
}
} else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
// MediaProvider
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
String[] split = docId.split(":");
String type = split[0];
Uri contentUri = null;
if ("image".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("video".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
} else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
}
String selection = "_id=?";
String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
return getDataColumn(contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
}
}
}
return null;
}
private String getFileNameByUri(Uri uri) {
String relativePath = getFileRelativePathByUri_API18(uri);
if (relativePath == null) relativePath = "";
final String[] projection = {
MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME
};
try (Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null)) {
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME);
return relativePath + cursor.getString(index);
}
}
return null;
}
private String getFileRelativePathByUri_API18(Uri uri) {
final String[] projection;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
projection = new String[]{
MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH
};
try (Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, null, null, null)) {
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.MediaColumns.RELATIVE_PATH);
return cursor.getString(index);
}
}
}
return null;
}
private String getDataColumn(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
final String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
final String[] projection = {column};
try (Cursor cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null)) {
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
final int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
return cursor.getString(column_index);
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
iae.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
private boolean isOtherDocument(Uri uri) {
// 以/storage开头的也直接返回
if (uri != null && uri.getPath() != null) {
String path = uri.getPath();
if (path.startsWith("/storage")) {
return true;
}
if (path.startsWith("/external_files")) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
private boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
}
}
调用 getFilePathByUri(Uri uri) 即可获得最终的路径。
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