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2020
09-27

Spring boot集中异常处理方法实例

集中异常处理

以下代码可在github获取：https://github.com/Syske/learning-dome-code/tree/master/springboot-learning

方式一：ExceptionHandle

定义自己的异常类型，根据不同类型做不同处理，比如我定义的MyException：

public class MyException extends RuntimeException {
  public MyException(String msg) {
    super(msg);
  }
}

然后通过MyExceptionHandle处理该异常，需要注意的是异常不能在filter中抛出，抛出也没法捕获

	
@RestControllerAdvice
public class MyExceptionHandle {
 
  @ExceptionHandler(MyException.class)
  public Result exceptionHandle(MyException e) {
    return Result.getFailed( "system error:MyException" + e.getMessage());
  }
}

在controller、service以及拦截器的预处理方法中都可以完美捕获，这里特殊说下拦截器：

	
public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
  @Override
  public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
    //throw new MyException("拦截器错误：MyInterceptor");
    // 这里的异常会完美捕获，并返回
    return true;
  }
 
  @Override
  public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) {
    throw new MyException("拦截器错误：MyInterceptor");
    /** 能捕获异常信息并返回给客户端，但并不会覆盖已经请求成功的返回结果，但会包含在返回结果中，比如我的返回结果：
     {"code":1,"success":true,"msg":"请求成功","result":true}{"code":0,"success":false,"msg":"system error:MyException拦截器错误：MyInterceptor","result":null}
     */
  }
 
  @Override
  public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
    throw new MyException("拦截器错误：MyInterceptor");
    // 这里抛出的异常并不能被捕获，会直接在后台抛出，相当于回掉函数，请求结果已经返回
  }
}

上面的解释已经够清楚了，就不做过多说明了。刚刚我们说了，上面的这种方式，对于filter是不起作用的，下面我们说的这种方式，主要就是针对filter来说的

方式二：ExceptionFilter

定义一个controller，请求路径可以自己指定，比如/error/exthrow:

	
@Controller
public class ExceptionController {
 
  @RequestMapping("/error/exthrow")
  public void rethrow(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
    throw ((Exception) request.getAttribute("filter.error"));
  }
}

再定义一个异常拦截器，在需要抛出异常的拦截器中直接抛出异常，然后在异常拦截器中try-catch，发生异常时直接转发至前面定义的异常controller，这里需要注意的是，如果你的filter是实现Filter或者继承OncePerRequestFilter，那你不需要任何处理，直接request.setAttribute("filter.error", e)就可以了。

由于我把自己的filter交给shiro管理，而且是继承BasicHttpAuthenticationFilter的，不知到什么原因，直接catch到的异常类型是ServletException，为了拿到真正的异常信息，我需要通过getCause()方法获取filter中抛出的异常。因为controller抛出的异常最后还是会交给我们定义的MyExceptionHandle去处理，如果获取到的异常不是我们自定义的异常或者他的子类的话，就会返回500错误（在这个示例前，我以为所有的filter都是这样的，后来实践后发现并不是这样😂）。

@Component
public class ExceptionFilter implements Filter {
 
  @Override
  public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    try {
      chain.doFilter(request, response);
    } catch (Exception e) {      
      request.setAttribute("filter.error", e);
      //将异常分发到/error/exthrow控制器
      request.getRequestDispatcher("/error/exthrow").forward(request, response);
    }
  }
 
  @Override
  public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
  }
 
  @Override
  public void destroy() {
 
  }
}

我的filter:

实现Filter接口：

	
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
  @Override
  public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    throw new MyException("MyFilter过滤器抛出异常");
    //filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
  }
  
}

filter2继承OncePerRequestFilter：

	
public class MyFilter2 extends OncePerRequestFilter {
  @Override
  protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    throw new MyException("MyFilter2异常");
  }
}

filter配置类：

	
 @Bean
  public FilterRegistrationBean myFilterRegistration() {
    FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registration.setFilter(new MyFilter());
    registration.setName("myFilter");
    registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
    //此处尽量小，要比其他Filter靠前
    registration.setOrder(1);
    return registration;
  }
 
  @Bean
  public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter2Registration() {
    FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registration.setFilter(new MyFilter2());
    registration.setName("myFilter2");
    registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
    //此处尽量小，要比其他Filter靠前
    registration.setOrder(2);
    return registration;
  }
 
  /**
   * 配置拦截器
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public FilterRegistrationBean exceptionFilterRegistration() {
    FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
    registration.setFilter(new ExceptionFilter());
    registration.setName("exceptionFilter");
    //此处尽量小，要比其他Filter靠前
    registration.setOrder(-1);
    return registration;
  }

方式三：BasicErrorController

其实spring boot原生提供了异常集中处理，我们经常会看到：

但是这种方式不够友好，而且大部分情况不满足我们的需求，我们可以通过继承这个controller，然后重写error方法或者errorHtml方法，或者两个都重写，区别是errorHtml是处理请求头为text/html的请求发生的异常，而error是除了这个之外的其他异常。

下面是我定义的baseController，error部分返回的结果是空，还需要进一步的研究：

	
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "error")
public class MyBaseErrorController extends BasicErrorController {
 
  public MyBaseErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
    super(errorAttributes, new ErrorProperties());
  }
 
  @Override
  @RequestMapping(produces = {MediaType.ALL_VALUE})
  public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
 
    return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(Result.failedResultMap(000, "未知错误"), HttpStatus.OK);
  }
 
  @RequestMapping(
      produces = {"text/html"}
  )
  public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);
    response.setStatus(status.value());
    return null;
  }
 
}

最后，对于以上问题我最后的解决方法是继承ErrorController，然后定义errorHtml和error，更重要的是@RequestMapping注解，然后在方法中response写入返回值，这种方式不够优雅：

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "error")
public class MyBaseErrorController implements ErrorController {
  private static final String path_default = "/error";
  @Autowired
  private ErrorAttributes errorAttributes;
  @RequestMapping(produces = {MediaType.ALL_VALUE})
  public void error(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    setJsonError(response);
  }
  @RequestMapping(
      produces = {"text/html"}
  )
  public void errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
    setJsonError(response);
  }
 
  @Override
  public String getErrorPath() {
    return path_default;
  }
 
  private void setJsonError(HttpServletResponse response) {
    PrintWriter writer = null;
    try {
      response.setStatus(200);
      response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
      response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
      writer = response.getWriter();
      writer.write(JSON.toJSONString(Result.getFailed("未知错误", null)));
    } catch (IOException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
      if (writer != null) {
        writer.close();
      }
    }
  }
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持自学编程网。

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