此文讲解3个酷炫的3D动画效果。
下面是要实现的效果:
Flutter 中3D效果是通过 Transform 组件实现的,没有变换效果的实现:
class TransformDemo extends StatelessWidget { @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar( title: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), body: Container( alignment: Alignment.center, color: Colors.white, child: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), ); } }
通过 GestureDetector 组件添加滑动事件监听:
@override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar( title: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), body: GestureDetector( onPanUpdate: (details) { print('$details'); }, child: Container( alignment: Alignment.center, color: Colors.white, child: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), ), ); }
添加 Transform 对组件进入旋转:
@override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Transform( transform: Matrix4.identity() ..setEntry(3, 2, 0.001) ..rotateX(pi/6) ..rotateY(pi/6), alignment: Alignment.center, child: Scaffold( appBar: AppBar( title: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), body: GestureDetector( onPanUpdate: (details) { }, child: Container( alignment: Alignment.center, color: Colors.white, child: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), ), )); }
将滑动的偏移和旋转进行关联:
class TransformDemo extends StatefulWidget { @override _TransformDemoState createState() => _TransformDemoState(); } class _TransformDemoState extends State<TransformDemo> { double _rotateX = .0; double _rotateY = .0; @override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Transform( transform: Matrix4.identity() ..rotateX(_rotateX) ..rotateY(_rotateY), alignment: Alignment.center, child: Scaffold( appBar: AppBar( title: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), body: GestureDetector( onPanUpdate: (details) { setState(() { _rotateX += details.delta.dy * .01; _rotateY += details.delta.dx * -.01; }); }, child: Container( alignment: Alignment.center, color: Colors.white, child: Text('3D 变换Demo'), ), ), )); } }
基本已经实现了3D效果,但效果比较生硬,尤其垂直方向旋转的时候远点和近点在屏幕上的宽度是一样,
添加近大远小的效果:
Transform( transform: Matrix4.identity() ..setEntry(3, 2, 0.001) ..rotateX(_rotateX) ..rotateY(_rotateY), ...
翻书效果
上面的效果类似于翻书的效果。
实现的原理:
将图片左右切割为两部分,两张图片共分割为4个新的组件,如下图,分别为1、2、3、4
代码实现:
_child1 = ClipRect( child: Align( alignment: Alignment.centerLeft, widthFactor: 0.5, child: child1, ), ); _child2 = ClipRect( child: Align( alignment: Alignment.centerRight, widthFactor: 0.5, child: child1, ), ); _child3 = ClipRect( child: Align( alignment: Alignment.centerLeft, widthFactor: 0.5, child: child2, ), ); _child4 = ClipRect( child: Align( alignment: Alignment.centerRight, widthFactor: 0.5, child: child2, ), );
将第一张图片放在第二种图片的上面,先旋转 组件2 从 0度到 90度,然后再旋转 组件3 从 -90度到0度,代码实现:
Row( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center, children: <Widget>[ Stack( children: [ _child1, Transform( alignment: Alignment.centerRight, transform: Matrix4.identity() ..setEntry(3, 2, 0.001) ..rotateY(_animation1.value), child: _child3, ), ], ), Container( width: 3, color: Colors.white, ), Stack( children: [ _child4, Transform( alignment: Alignment.centerLeft, transform: Matrix4.identity() ..setEntry(3, 2, 0.001) ..rotateY(_animation.value), child: _child2, ) ], ) ], )
动画控制器设置:
@override void initState() { init(); _controller = AnimationController(vsync: this, duration: Duration(seconds: 5)) ..addListener(() { setState(() {}); }); _animation = Tween(begin: .0, end: pi / 2) .animate(CurvedAnimation(parent: _controller, curve: Interval(.0, .5))); _animation1 = Tween(begin: -pi / 2, end: 0.0).animate( CurvedAnimation(parent: _controller, curve: Interval(.5, 1.0))); _controller.forward(); super.initState(); }
其中 child1, child2为两种图片,代码如下:
_FlipUpDemoState( Container( width: 300, height: 400, child: Image.asset( 'assets/images/b.jpg', fit: BoxFit.cover, ), ), Container( width: 300, height: 400, child: Image.asset( 'assets/images/c.jpeg', fit: BoxFit.cover, ), ))
最后生成的效果就是开始的翻书效果。
上面是左右翻页效果,同理换成上下翻页效果:
@override Widget build(BuildContext context) { return Scaffold( appBar: AppBar(), body: Column( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center, children: <Widget>[ Stack( children: [ _upperChild1, Transform( alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter, transform: Matrix4.identity() ..setEntry(3, 2, 0.003) ..rotateX(_animation1.value), child: _upperChild2, ), ], ), SizedBox( height: 2, ), Stack( children: [ _lowerChild2, Transform( alignment: Alignment.topCenter, transform: Matrix4.identity() ..setEntry(3, 2, 0.003) ..rotateX(_animation.value), child: _lowerChild1, ) ], ) ], ), ); }
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