JPA顾名思义就是Java Persistence API的意思,是JDK 5.0注解或XML描述对象-关系表的映射关系,并将运行期的实体对象持久化到数据库中。
依赖
- spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc
- spring-boot-starter-data-jpa
- mysql-connector-java
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency>
application.yml
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
- 如果数据库内没有表或表结构改变时根据Entity创建/更新
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
- 控制台打印sql
spring.jpa.database
- 指定数据库类型,可写可不写
spring: datasource: driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_boot?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8 username: root password: root jpa: hibernate: ddl-auto: update show-sql: true database: mysql
POJO
- @Data是Lombok
- @Entity告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
- @Table(name = “jpa_user”) 给表起名,不写默认为类名小写(user)
- @Id设置主键
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) 使用自增
- @Column(name = “jpa_username”,length = 40) 给列起名,不写默认为属性名(username)
import lombok.Data; import javax.persistence.*; @Entity @Table(name = "jpa_user") @Data public class User { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) private Integer id; @Column(name = "jpa_username",length = 40) private String username; @Column(name = "jpa_password") private String password; }
Repository
JpaRepository的继承关系
所以继承JpaRepository
- JpaRepository<T, ID>
- 第一个泛型就是要操作的Entity
- 第二个泛型就是Entity的Id主键类型
- JpaRepository<User, Integer>
package com.live.repository; import com.live.model.User; import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository; public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> { }
Controller(测试)
@Autowired @Autowired UserRepository userRepository;
package com.live.controller; import com.live.model.User; import com.live.repository.UserRepository; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.List; import java.util.Optional; @RestController public class UserJPAController { @Autowired UserRepository userRepository; @GetMapping("/findAll") public List<User> findAll() { return userRepository.findAll(); } @GetMapping("/findOne/{id}") public Optional<User> findOne(@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id) { return userRepository.findById(id); } @GetMapping("/insert") public User insertOne(User user) { return userRepository.save(user); } }
测试
注意:
- 对字段操作时,使用的是实体类的属性名(username,password)
- 而不是在@Column(name=“jpa_username”)设置的jpa_username
查询所有
插入
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