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2020
10-10

python实现单机五子棋

简介

这是实验室2018年底招新时的考核题目，使用Python编写一个能够完成基本对战的五子棋游戏。面向新手。

程序主要包括两个部分，图形创建与逻辑编写两部分。

程序的运行结果：

样式创建

老规矩，先把用到的包导入进来。

'''
@Auther : gaoxin
@Date : 2019.01.01
@Version : 1.0
'''

from tkinter import *
import math

然后建立一个样式的类，类名称chessBoard。这里加了很多注释，避免新手看不懂函数的作用，说实话我觉得挺别扭的。

#定义棋盘类
class chessBoard() :
 def __init__(self) :
  #创建一个tk对象，即窗口
  self.window = Tk()
  #窗口命名
  self.window.title("五子棋游戏")
  #定义窗口大小
  self.window.geometry("660x470")
  #定义窗口不可放缩
  self.window.resizable(0,0)
  #定义窗口里的画布
  self.canvas=Canvas(self.window , bg="#EEE8AC" , width=470, height=470)
  #画出画布内容
  self.paint_board()
  #定义画布所在的网格
  self.canvas.grid(row = 0 , column = 0)

 def paint_board(self) :
  #画横线
  for row in range(0,15) :
   if row == 0 or row == 14 :
    self.canvas.create_line(25 , 25+row*30 , 25+14*30 , 25+row*30 , width = 2)
   else :
    self.canvas.create_line(25 , 25+row*30 , 25+14*30 , 25+row*30 , width = 1)
  
  #画竖线
  for column in range(0,15) :
   if column == 0 or column == 14 :
    self.canvas.create_line(25+column*30 ,25, 25+column*30 , 25+14*30 ,width = 2)
   else :
    self.canvas.create_line(25+column*30 ,25, 25+column*30 , 25+14*30 , width = 1)
  
  #画圆
  self.canvas.create_oval(112, 112, 118, 118, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(352, 112, 358, 118, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(112, 352, 118, 358, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(232, 232, 238, 238, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(352, 352, 358, 358, fill="black")

逻辑编写

这里的主要看每个函数的功能就好了。

#定义五子棋游戏类
#0为黑子 ， 1为白子 ， 2为空位
class Gobang() :
 #初始化
 def __init__(self) :
  self.board = chessBoard()
  self.game_print = StringVar()
  self.game_print.set("")
  #16*16的二维列表，保证不会out of index
  self.db = [([2] * 16) for i in range(16)]
  #悔棋用的顺序列表
  self.order = []
  #棋子颜色
  self.color_count = 0 
  self.color = 'black'
  #清空与赢的初始化，已赢为1，已清空为1
  self.flag_win = 1
  self.flag_empty = 1
  self.options()
  
  
 #黑白互换
 def change_color(self) :
  self.color_count = (self.color_count + 1 ) % 2
  if self.color_count == 0 :
   self.color = "black"
  elif self.color_count ==1 :
   self.color = "white"
 
 
 #落子
 def chess_moving(self ,event) :
  #不点击“开始”与“清空”无法再次开始落子
  if self.flag_win ==1 or self.flag_empty ==0 :
   return
  #坐标转化为下标
  x,y = event.x-25 , event.y-25
  x = round(x/30)
  y = round(y/30)
  #点击位置没用落子，且没有在棋盘线外，可以落子
  while self.db[y][x] == 2 and self.limit_boarder(y,x):
   self.db[y][x] = self.color_count
   self.order.append(x+15*y) 
   self.board.canvas.create_oval(25+30*x-12 , 25+30*y-12 , 25+30*x+12 , 25+30*y+12 , fill = self.color,tags = "chessman")
   if self.game_win(y,x,self.color_count) :
    print(self.color,"获胜")
    self.game_print.set(self.color+"获胜")
   else :
    self.change_color()
    self.game_print.set("请"+self.color+"落子")
 

 #保证棋子落在棋盘上
 def limit_boarder(self , y , x) :
  if x<0 or x>14 or y<0 or y>14 :
   return False
  else :
   return True


 #计算连子的数目,并返回最大连子数目
 def chessman_count(self , y , x , color_count ) :
  count1,count2,count3,count4 = 1,1,1,1
  #横计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y][x+i] == color_count :
    count1 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y][x+i] == color_count :
    count1 += 1
   else:
    break 
  #竖计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y+i][x] == color_count :
    count2 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y+i][x] == color_count :
    count2 += 1
   else:
    break 
  #/计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y+i][x+i] == color_count :
    count3 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y+i][x+i] == color_count :
    count3 += 1
   else:
    break 
  #\计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y+i][x-i] == color_count :
    count4 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y+i][x-i] == color_count :
    count4 += 1
   else:
    break 
   
  return max(count1 , count2 , count3 , count4)


 #判断输赢
 def game_win(self , y , x , color_count ) :
  if self.chessman_count(y,x,color_count) >= 5 :
   self.flag_win = 1
   self.flag_empty = 0
   return True
  else :
   return False
  

 #悔棋,清空棋盘，再画剩下的n-1个棋子
 def withdraw(self ) :
  if len(self.order)==0 or self.flag_win == 1:
   return
  self.board.canvas.delete("chessman")
  z = self.order.pop()
  x = z%15
  y = z//15
  self.db[y][x] = 2
  self.color_count = 1
  for i in self.order :
   ix = i%15
   iy = i//15
   self.change_color()
   self.board.canvas.create_oval(25+30*ix-12 , 25+30*iy-12 , 25+30*ix+12 , 25+30*iy+12 , fill = self.color,tags = "chessman")
  self.change_color()
  self.game_print.set("请"+self.color+"落子")
 

 #清空
 def empty_all(self) :
  self.board.canvas.delete("chessman")
  #还原初始化
  self.db = [([2] * 16) for i in range(16)]
  self.order = []
  self.color_count = 0 
  self.color = 'black'
  self.flag_win = 1
  self.flag_empty = 1
  self.game_print.set("")


 #将self.flag_win置0才能在棋盘上落子
 def game_start(self) :
  #没有清空棋子不能置0开始
  if self.flag_empty == 0:
   return
  self.flag_win = 0
  self.game_print.set("请"+self.color+"落子")


 def options(self) :
  self.board.canvas.bind("<Button-1>",self.chess_moving)
  Label(self.board.window , textvariable = self.game_print , font = ("Arial", 20) ).place(relx = 0, rely = 0 ,x = 495 , y = 200)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "开始游戏" ,command = self.game_start,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=15)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "我要悔棋" ,command = self.withdraw,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=60)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "清空棋局" ,command = self.empty_all,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=105)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "结束游戏" ,command = self.board.window.destroy,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=420)
  self.board.window.mainloop()

最后，main函数

if __name__ == "__main__":
 game = Gobang()

将以上的所有程序复制粘贴，即为完整的程序了，可以运行。

最后来一个完整程序，一个一个复制粘贴简直不要太麻烦。

'''
@Auther : gaoxin
@Date : 2019.01.01
@Version : 1.0

'''

from tkinter import *
import math

#定义棋盘类
class chessBoard() :
 def __init__(self) :
  self.window = Tk()
  self.window.title("五子棋游戏")
  self.window.geometry("660x470")
  self.window.resizable(0,0)
  self.canvas=Canvas(self.window , bg="#EEE8AC" , width=470, height=470)
  self.paint_board()
  self.canvas.grid(row = 0 , column = 0)

 def paint_board(self) :
  for row in range(0,15) :
   if row == 0 or row == 14 :
    self.canvas.create_line(25 , 25+row*30 , 25+14*30 , 25+row*30 , width = 2)
   else :
    self.canvas.create_line(25 , 25+row*30 , 25+14*30 , 25+row*30 , width = 1)
  for column in range(0,15) :
   if column == 0 or column == 14 :
    self.canvas.create_line(25+column*30 ,25, 25+column*30 , 25+14*30 ,width = 2)
   else :
    self.canvas.create_line(25+column*30 ,25, 25+column*30 , 25+14*30 , width = 1)
   
  self.canvas.create_oval(112, 112, 118, 118, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(352, 112, 358, 118, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(112, 352, 118, 358, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(232, 232, 238, 238, fill="black")
  self.canvas.create_oval(352, 352, 358, 358, fill="black")


#定义五子棋游戏类
#0为黑子 ， 1为白子 ， 2为空位
class Gobang() :
 #初始化
 def __init__(self) :
  self.board = chessBoard()
  self.game_print = StringVar()
  self.game_print.set("")
  #16*16的二维列表，保证不会out of index
  self.db = [([2] * 16) for i in range(16)]
  #悔棋用的顺序列表
  self.order = []
  #棋子颜色
  self.color_count = 0 
  self.color = 'black'
  #清空与赢的初始化，已赢为1，已清空为1
  self.flag_win = 1
  self.flag_empty = 1
  self.options()
  
  
 #黑白互换
 def change_color(self) :
  self.color_count = (self.color_count + 1 ) % 2
  if self.color_count == 0 :
   self.color = "black"
  elif self.color_count ==1 :
   self.color = "white"
 
 
 #落子
 def chess_moving(self ,event) :
  #不点击“开始”与“清空”无法再次开始落子
  if self.flag_win ==1 or self.flag_empty ==0 :
   return
  #坐标转化为下标
  x,y = event.x-25 , event.y-25
  x = round(x/30)
  y = round(y/30)
  #点击位置没用落子，且没有在棋盘线外，可以落子
  while self.db[y][x] == 2 and self.limit_boarder(y,x):
   self.db[y][x] = self.color_count
   self.order.append(x+15*y) 
   self.board.canvas.create_oval(25+30*x-12 , 25+30*y-12 , 25+30*x+12 , 25+30*y+12 , fill = self.color,tags = "chessman")
   if self.game_win(y,x,self.color_count) :
    print(self.color,"获胜")
    self.game_print.set(self.color+"获胜")
   else :
    self.change_color()
    self.game_print.set("请"+self.color+"落子")
 

 #保证棋子落在棋盘上
 def limit_boarder(self , y , x) :
  if x<0 or x>14 or y<0 or y>14 :
   return False
  else :
   return True


 #计算连子的数目,并返回最大连子数目
 def chessman_count(self , y , x , color_count ) :
  count1,count2,count3,count4 = 1,1,1,1
  #横计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y][x+i] == color_count :
    count1 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y][x+i] == color_count :
    count1 += 1
   else:
    break 
  #竖计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y+i][x] == color_count :
    count2 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y+i][x] == color_count :
    count2 += 1
   else:
    break 
  #/计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y+i][x+i] == color_count :
    count3 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y+i][x+i] == color_count :
    count3 += 1
   else:
    break 
  #\计算
  for i in range(-1 , -5 , -1) :
   if self.db[y+i][x-i] == color_count :
    count4 += 1
   else:
    break 
  for i in range(1 , 5 ,1 ) :
   if self.db[y+i][x-i] == color_count :
    count4 += 1
   else:
    break 
   
  return max(count1 , count2 , count3 , count4)


 #判断输赢
 def game_win(self , y , x , color_count ) :
  if self.chessman_count(y,x,color_count) >= 5 :
   self.flag_win = 1
   self.flag_empty = 0
   return True
  else :
   return False
  

 #悔棋,清空棋盘，再画剩下的n-1个棋子
 def withdraw(self ) :
  if len(self.order)==0 or self.flag_win == 1:
   return
  self.board.canvas.delete("chessman")
  z = self.order.pop()
  x = z%15
  y = z//15
  self.db[y][x] = 2
  self.color_count = 1
  for i in self.order :
   ix = i%15
   iy = i//15
   self.change_color()
   self.board.canvas.create_oval(25+30*ix-12 , 25+30*iy-12 , 25+30*ix+12 , 25+30*iy+12 , fill = self.color,tags = "chessman")
  self.change_color()
  self.game_print.set("请"+self.color+"落子")
 

 #清空
 def empty_all(self) :
  self.board.canvas.delete("chessman")
  #还原初始化
  self.db = [([2] * 16) for i in range(16)]
  self.order = []
  self.color_count = 0 
  self.color = 'black'
  self.flag_win = 1
  self.flag_empty = 1
  self.game_print.set("")


 #将self.flag_win置0才能在棋盘上落子
 def game_start(self) :
  #没有清空棋子不能置0开始
  if self.flag_empty == 0:
   return
  self.flag_win = 0
  self.game_print.set("请"+self.color+"落子")


 def options(self) :
  self.board.canvas.bind("<Button-1>",self.chess_moving)
  Label(self.board.window , textvariable = self.game_print , font = ("Arial", 20) ).place(relx = 0, rely = 0 ,x = 495 , y = 200)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "开始游戏" ,command = self.game_start,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=15)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "我要悔棋" ,command = self.withdraw,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=60)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "清空棋局" ,command = self.empty_all,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=105)
  Button(self.board.window , text= "结束游戏" ,command = self.board.window.destroy,width = 13, font = ("Verdana", 12)).place(relx=0, rely=0, x=495, y=420)
  self.board.window.mainloop()

 
if __name__ == "__main__":
 game = Gobang()

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