SpringBoot中定制异常页面的实现方法

定制异常页面，可以避免用户产生恐慌心理，使得产品有更好的用户体验。今天来学习在 SpringBoot 中如何定制开发异常页面

一、历史回顾

在 SpringMVC 年代，我们的异常页面一般配置在 web.xml 文件中，如下：

<!-- 配置404页面 -->
<error-page>
   <error-code>404</error-code>
   <location>/error/404.html</location>
 </error-page>

这里我们指定了异常请求状态码 404，然后配置了 404 异常请求的页面地址，这就意味着如果某一个请求发生了 404 异常，则会出现 404.html 界面

二、SpringBoot中配置

1、默认异常页面

这是 SpringBoot 中默认的异常页面，返回的是一堆异常信息和异常状态码，那用户固然是看不懂这些信息的，容易使得用户产生恐慌的心里，从而影响产品的用户体验

2、定制异常页面

SpringBoot 中定制异常页面非常简单，我们需要一个配置文件 ExceptionPageConfig.java

import org.springframework.boot.web.server.ConfigurableWebServerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.ErrorPage;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.WebServerFactoryCustomizer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;

/**
 * 统一异常页面处理
 *
 * @Author Lizhou
 **/
@Configuration
public class ExceptionPageConfig {

  /**
   * SpringBoot2.0以上版本
   * WebServerFactoryCustomizer代替之前版本的EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration
   *
   * @return
   */
  @Bean
  public WebServerFactoryCustomizer<ConfigurableWebServerFactory> webServerFactoryCustomizer() {
    return (container -> {
      ErrorPage error400Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "/400");
      ErrorPage error404Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "/404");
      ErrorPage error500Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "/500");
      container.addErrorPages(error400Page, error404Page, error500Page);
    });
  }
}

可以看出，这里我们配置了 400、404、500 三种异常页面，然后我们需要编写 API 请求异常页面 SysExceptionController.java

import com.zyxx.common.utils.PasswordUtils;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

/**
 * <p>
 * 前端控制器
 * </p>
 *
 * @author lizhou
 * @since 2020-07-15
 **/
@Api(tags = "后台管理端--异常处理")
@Controller
public class SysExceptionController {

  @ApiOperation(value = "请求400页面", notes = "请求400页面")
  @GetMapping("400")
  public String badRequest() {
    return "sys/exception/400";
  }

  @ApiOperation(value = "请求404页面", notes = "请求404页面")
  @GetMapping("404")
  public String notFound() {
    return "sys/exception/404";
  }

  @ApiOperation(value = "请求500页面", notes = "请求500页面")
  @GetMapping("500")
  public String serverError() {
    return "sys/exception/500";
  }
}

API 写好，下面我们就需要开发异常页面的展示信息了，这里贴一张页面吧，404.html

import com.zyxx.common.utils.PasswordUtils;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

/**
 * <p>
 * 前端控制器
 * </p>
 *
 * @author lizhou
 * @since 2020-07-15
 **/
@Api(tags = "后台管理端--异常处理")
@Controller
public class SysExceptionController {

  @ApiOperation(value = "请求400页面", notes = "请求400页面")
  @GetMapping("400")
  public String badRequest() {
    return "sys/exception/400";
  }

  @ApiOperation(value = "请求404页面", notes = "请求404页面")
  @GetMapping("404")
  public String notFound() {
    return "sys/exception/404";
  }

  @ApiOperation(value = "请求500页面", notes = "请求500页面")
  @GetMapping("500")
  public String serverError() {
    return "sys/exception/500";
  }
}

然后所需要的 exception.css

.error .clip .shadow {
  height: 180px;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .shadow {
  width: 130px;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .shadow, .error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow {
  width: 250px;
}

.error .digit {
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  line-height: 150px;
  font-size: 120px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.error h2 {
  font-size: 32px;
}

.error .msg {
  top: -190px;
  left: 30%;
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  line-height: 80px;
  font-size: 32px;
}

.error span.triangle {
  top: 70%;
  right: 0%;
  border-left: 20px solid #535353;
  border-top: 15px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
}

.error .container-error-404 {
  top: 50%;
  margin-top: 250px;
  position: relative;
  height: 250px;
  padding-top: 40px;
}

.error .container-error-404 .clip {
  display: inline-block;
  transform: skew(-45deg);
}

.error .clip .shadow {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .shadow {
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: inset 20px 0px 20px -15px rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.8), 20px 0px 20px -15px rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.8);
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow:after, .error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .shadow:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -8px;
  bottom: 0px;
  z-index: 9999;
  height: 100%;
  width: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(173, 173, 173, 0.8), transparent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow:after {
  left: -8px;
}

.error .digit {
  position: relative;
  top: 8%;
  color: white;
  background: #1E9FFF;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-block;
  transform: skew(45deg);
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .digit {
  left: -10%;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .digit {
  right: -20%;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .digit {
  left: -20%;
}

.error h2 {
  font-size: 24px;
  color: #A2A2A2;
  font-weight: bold;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
}

.error .tohome {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: #07B3F9;
}

.error .msg {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 9999;
  display: block;
  background: #535353;
  color: #A2A2A2;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-style: italic;
}

.error .triangle {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 999;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  content: "";
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .error .clip .shadow {
    height: 100px;
  }

  .error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .shadow {
    width: 80px;
  }

  .error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .shadow, .error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow {
    width: 100px;
  }

  .error .digit {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    line-height: 80px;
    font-size: 52px;
  }

  .error h2 {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .error .msg {
    top: -110px;
    left: 15%;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    line-height: 40px;
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .error span.triangle {
    top: 70%;
    right: -3%;
    border-left: 10px solid #535353;
    border-top: 8px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 8px solid transparent;
  }

  .error .container-error-404 {
    height: 150px;
  }
}

所需要的 exception.js

.error .clip .shadow {
  height: 180px;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .shadow {
  width: 130px;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .shadow, .error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow {
  width: 250px;
}

.error .digit {
  width: 150px;
  height: 150px;
  line-height: 150px;
  font-size: 120px;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.error h2 {
  font-size: 32px;
}

.error .msg {
  top: -190px;
  left: 30%;
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  line-height: 80px;
  font-size: 32px;
}

.error span.triangle {
  top: 70%;
  right: 0%;
  border-left: 20px solid #535353;
  border-top: 15px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 15px solid transparent;
}

.error .container-error-404 {
  top: 50%;
  margin-top: 250px;
  position: relative;
  height: 250px;
  padding-top: 40px;
}

.error .container-error-404 .clip {
  display: inline-block;
  transform: skew(-45deg);
}

.error .clip .shadow {
  overflow: hidden;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .shadow {
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  box-shadow: inset 20px 0px 20px -15px rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.8), 20px 0px 20px -15px rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.8);
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow:after, .error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .shadow:after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -8px;
  bottom: 0px;
  z-index: 9999;
  height: 100%;
  width: 10px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(173, 173, 173, 0.8), transparent);
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow:after {
  left: -8px;
}

.error .digit {
  position: relative;
  top: 8%;
  color: white;
  background: #1E9FFF;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-block;
  transform: skew(45deg);
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .digit {
  left: -10%;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .digit {
  right: -20%;
}

.error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .digit {
  left: -20%;
}

.error h2 {
  font-size: 24px;
  color: #A2A2A2;
  font-weight: bold;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
}

.error .tohome {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: #07B3F9;
}

.error .msg {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 9999;
  display: block;
  background: #535353;
  color: #A2A2A2;
  border-radius: 50%;
  font-style: italic;
}

.error .triangle {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 999;
  transform: rotate(45deg);
  content: "";
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .error .clip .shadow {
    height: 100px;
  }

  .error .clip:nth-of-type(2) .shadow {
    width: 80px;
  }

  .error .clip:nth-of-type(1) .shadow, .error .clip:nth-of-type(3) .shadow {
    width: 100px;
  }

  .error .digit {
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    line-height: 80px;
    font-size: 52px;
  }

  .error h2 {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .error .msg {
    top: -110px;
    left: 15%;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    line-height: 40px;
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .error span.triangle {
    top: 70%;
    right: -3%;
    border-left: 10px solid #535353;
    border-top: 8px solid transparent;
    border-bottom: 8px solid transparent;
  }

  .error .container-error-404 {
    height: 150px;
  }
}

三、测试

项目启动后，我们访问一个并不存在的 API

那，通过访问一个项目中并不存在的 API，得到 404 页面，页面可以提示一些友好的文字，从而安抚用户紧张的心理，其实也是一个不错的选择吧

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