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2020
11-06

Python Web项目Cherrypy使用方法镜像

1、介绍

搭建Java Web项目，需要Tomcat服务器才能进行。而搭建Python Web项目，因为cherrypy自带服务器，所以只需要下载该模块就能进行Web项目开发。

2、最基本用法

实现功能：访问html页面，点击按钮后接收后台py返回的值

html页面（test_cherry.html）

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Test Cherry</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>

<body>

  <h1>Test Cherry</h1>
  <p id="p1"></p>
  <button type="button" onclick="callHelloWorld()">hello_world</button>
  <script>


    function callHelloWorld() {
      $.get('/hello_world', function (data, status) {
        alert('data:' + data)
        alert('status:' + status)

      })
    }



  </script>
</body>

</html>

编写脚本py

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import cherrypy


class TestCherry():
  @cherrypy.expose() # 保证html能请求到该函数
  def hello_world(self):
    print('Hello')
    return 'Hello World'

  @cherrypy.expose() # 保证html能请求到该函数http://127.0.0.1:8080/index
  def index(self): # 默认页为test_cherry.html
    return open(u'test_cherry.html')


cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')

运行结果

[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Bus STARTING
CherryPy Checker:
The Application mounted at '' has an empty config.

[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Set handler for console events.
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080
[27/May/2020:09:04:42] ENGINE Bus STARTED

能看到启动的路径为127.0.0.1::8080端口号是8080

The Application mounted at '' has an empty config.表示没有自己配置，使用默认配置，如果需要可自己配置

运行py脚本后，打开浏览器输入http://127.0.0.1:8080/或者http://127.0.0.1:8080/index就可以看到test_cheery.html

点击hello_world按钮，就会访问py中的hello_world函数

解释：test_cherry.html中

function callHelloWorld() {

$.get('/hello_world', function (data, status) {

alert('data:' + data)

alert('status:' + status)

})}

1）请求/hello_world需要与py中的函数名一致

2）默认端口是8080，如果8080被占用，可以重新配置

cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')可以接收配置参数

若多次调试出现portend.Timeout: Port 8080 not free on 127.0.0.1.错误

是因为8080端口被占用了，如果你第一次调试时成功了，则你可以打开任务管理器把python进程停掉，8080就被释放了

3、导入webbrowser进行调试开发（可以自动打开浏览器，输入网址）

py代码

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import cherrypy
import webbrowser


class TestCherry():
  @cherrypy.expose() # 保证html能请求到该函数
  def hello_world(self):
    print('Hello')
    return 'Hello World'

  @cherrypy.expose() # 保证html能请求到该函数http://127.0.0.1:8080/index
  def index(self): # 默认页为test_cherry.html
    return open(u'test_cherry.html')

def auto_open():
  webbrowser.open('http://127.0.0.1:8080/')

cherrypy.engine.subscribe('start', auto_open) #启动前每次都调用auto_open函数
cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')

这样运行py就能自动打开网页了，每次改变html代码如果没达到预期效果，可以试一试清理浏览器缓存！！！

4、带参数的请求

实现传入参数并接收返回显示在html上

py中添加一个函数(get_parameters)

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-

import cherrypy
import webbrowser


class TestCherry():
  @cherrypy.expose() # 保证html能请求到该函数
  def hello_world(self):
    print('Hello')
    return 'Hello World'

  @cherrypy.expose() # 保证html能请求到该函数http://127.0.0.1:8080/index
  def index(self): # 默认页为test_cherry.html
    return open(u'test_cherry.html')
  @cherrypy.expose()
  def get_parameters(self, name, age, **kwargs):
    print('name:{}'.format(name))
    print('age:{}'.format(age))
    print('kwargs:{}'.format(kwargs))
    return 'Get parameters success'
def auto_open():
  webbrowser.open('http://127.0.0.1:8080/')
cherrypy.engine.subscribe('start', auto_open) # 启动前每次都调用auto_open函数
cherrypy.quickstart(TestCherry(), '/')

html中添加一个新按钮和对应按钮事件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>Test Cherry</title>
  <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>

<body>

  <h1>Test Cherry</h1>
  <p id="p1"></p>
  <button type="button" onclick="callHelloWorld()">hello_world</button>
  <button type="button" id="postForParameters">get_parameters</button>
  <p id="getReturn"></p>
  <script>


    function callHelloWorld() {
      $.get('/hello_world', function (data, status) {
        alert('data:' + data)
        alert('status:' + status)

      })
    }

    $(document).ready(function () {

      $('#postForParameters').click(function () {
        alert('pst')
        $.post('/get_parameters',
          {
            name: 'TXT',
            age: 99,
            other: '123456'
          },
          function (data, status) {
            if (status === 'success') {
              $('#getReturn').text(data)
            }
          })
      })
    })
  </script>
</body>

</html>

运行结果

点击get_parameters按钮后

D:\Python37_32\python.exe D:/B_CODE/Python/WebDemo/test_cherry.py
[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Listening for SIGTERM.
[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Bus STARTING
CherryPy Checker:
The Application mounted at '' has an empty config.

[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Set handler for console events.
[27/May/2020:09:58:40] ENGINE Started monitor thread 'Autoreloader'.
[27/May/2020:09:58:41] ENGINE Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8080
[27/May/2020:09:58:41] ENGINE Bus STARTED
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:09:58:41] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1107 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:09:59:37] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1136 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:09:59:37] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 200 1406 "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:10:02:50] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 1208 "" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:10:02:50] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 200 1406 "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"
name:TXT
age:99
kwargs:{'other': '123456'}
127.0.0.1 - - [27/May/2020:10:02:54] "POST /get_parameters HTTP/1.1" 200 22 "http://127.0.0.1:8080/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.61 Safari/537.36"

能看出传入的参数已经打印出来了

5、config配置以及对应url(追加，所以代码不同了）

# -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
import json
import os
import webbrowser
import cherrypy


class Service(object):
  def __init__(self, port):
    self.media_folder = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'media'))
    self.host = '0.0.0.0'
    self.port = int(port)
    self.index_html = 'index.html'
    pass

  @cherrypy.expose()
  def index(self):
    return open(os.path.join(self.media_folder, self.index_html), 'rb')

  def auto_open(self):
    webbrowser.open('http://127.0.0.1:{}/'.format(self.port))

  @cherrypy.expose()
  def return_info(self, sn):
    cherrypy.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
    cherrypy.response.headers['Access-Control-Allow-Origin'] = '*'
    my_dict = {'aaa':'123'}# 或者用list[]可保证有序
    return json.dumps(my_dict).encode('utf-8')


def main():

  service = Service(8090)
  conf = {
    'global': {
      # 主机0.0.0.0表示可以使用本机IP访问，如http://10.190.20.72:8090，可部署给别人访问
      # 否则只可以用http://127.0.0.1:8090
      'server.socket_host': service.host,
      # 端口号
      'server.socket_port': service.port,
      # 当代码变动时，是否自动重启服务，True==是，False==否
      # 设为True时，当该PY代码改变，服务会重启
      'engine.autoreload.on': False
    },
    # 根目录设置
    '/': {
      'tools.staticdir.on': True,
      'tools.staticdir.dir': service.media_folder
    },
    '/static': {
      'tools.staticdir.on': True,
      # 可以这么访问http://127.0.0.1:8090/static加上你的资源，例如
      # http://127.0.0.1:8090/static/js/jquery-1.11.3.min.js
      'tools.staticdir.dir': service.media_folder
    },

  }

  # 可以使用该种写法代替config配置
  # cherrypy.config.update(
  #     {'server.socket_port': service.port})
  # cherrypy.config.update(
  #     {'server.thread_pool': int(service.thread_pool_count)})
  # 当代码变动时，是否重启服务，True==是，False==否
  # cherrypy.config.update({'engine.autoreload.on': False})
  # 支持http://10.190.20.72:8080/形式
  # cherrypy.server.socket_host = '0.0.0.0'
  # 启动时调用函数
  cherrypy.engine.subscribe('start', service.auto_open)
  cherrypy.quickstart(service, '/', conf)


if __name__ == '__main__':
  pass
  main()

工程文件夹

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