在很多的实际场景中,我们需要得到某个包名下面所有的类,
包括我们自己在src里写的java类和一些第三方提供的jar包里的类,那么怎么来实现呢?
今天带大家来完成这件事。
src下面的类如何获取:
首先,比较简单的是得到我们自己写的类,我们先来完成这个,
项目的结构图如下:
我故意创建了这么个比较复杂的项目结构,现在我们就来获取com.baibin包下所有的类,并且打印他们,代码如下:
import org.junit.Test; import java.io.File; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Main { List<String> classPaths = new ArrayList<String>(); @Test public void searchClass() throws ClassNotFoundException { //包名 String basePack = "com.baibin"; //先把包名转换为路径,首先得到项目的classpath String classpath = Main.class.getResource("/").getPath(); //然后把我们的包名basPach转换为路径名 basePack = basePack.replace(".", File.separator); //然后把classpath和basePack合并 String searchPath = classpath + basePack; doPath(new File(searchPath)); //这个时候我们已经得到了指定包下所有的类的绝对路径了。我们现在利用这些绝对路径和java的反射机制得到他们的类对象 for (String s : classPaths) { //把 D:\work\code\20170401\search-class\target\classes\com\baibin\search\a\A.class 这样的绝对路径转换为全类名com.baibin.search.a.A s = s.replace(classpath.replace("/","\\").replaceFirst("\\\\",""),"").replace("\\",".").replace(".class",""); Class cls = Class.forName(s); System.out.println(cls); } } /** * 该方法会得到所有的类,将类的绝对路径写入到classPaths中 * @param file */ private void doPath(File file) { if (file.isDirectory()) {//文件夹 //文件夹我们就递归 File[] files = file.listFiles(); for (File f1 : files) { doPath(f1); } } else {//标准文件 //标准文件我们就判断是否是class文件 if (file.getName().endsWith(".class")) { //如果是class文件我们就放入我们的集合中。 classPaths.add(file.getPath()); } } } }
效果如下:
总结:这样的src下面的都比较容易处理,也很容易想到,但是jar包下面的就没这么简单了,
但是还是有办法的。
jar中的类如何获取:
jar下的类我们可以通过JarURLConnection类来或者,代码如下:
import org.junit.Test; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.JarURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.jar.JarEntry; import java.util.jar.JarFile; public class JarMain { @Test public void searchClass() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { String basePack = "org.junit"; //通过当前线程得到类加载器从而得到URL的枚举 Enumeration<URL> urlEnumeration = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(basePack.replace(".", "/")); while (urlEnumeration.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urlEnumeration.nextElement();//得到的结果大概是:jar:file:/C:/Users/ibm/.m2/repository/junit/junit/4.12/junit-4.12.jar!/org/junit String protocol = url.getProtocol();//大概是jar if ("jar".equalsIgnoreCase(protocol)) { //转换为JarURLConnection JarURLConnection connection = (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection(); if (connection != null) { JarFile jarFile = connection.getJarFile(); if (jarFile != null) { //得到该jar文件下面的类实体 Enumeration<JarEntry> jarEntryEnumeration = jarFile.entries(); while (jarEntryEnumeration.hasMoreElements()) { /*entry的结果大概是这样: org/ org/junit/ org/junit/rules/ org/junit/runners/*/ JarEntry entry = jarEntryEnumeration.nextElement(); String jarEntryName = entry.getName(); //这里我们需要过滤不是class文件和不在basePack包名下的类 if (jarEntryName.contains(".class") && jarEntryName.replaceAll("/",".").startsWith(basePack)) { String className = jarEntryName.substring(0, jarEntryName.lastIndexOf(".")).replace("/", "."); Class cls = Class.forName(className); System.out.println(cls); } } } } } } } }
通过这两种方式我们就可以得到指定包名下面所有的类了,这个还是挺有用的,
比如spring中经常用来扫描指定包注解的实现等。
补充:获取指定包名下的所有类
写了一个工具类,用于获取指定包名下的所有类,支持递归遍历,支持注解过滤,可从 classpath (class 文件与 jar 包)中获取。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileFilter; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.net.JarURLConnection; import java.net.URL; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.List; import java.util.jar.JarEntry; import java.util.jar.JarFile; public class ClassUtil { // 获取指定包名下的所有类 public static List<Class<?>> getClassList(String packageName, boolean isRecursive) { List<Class<?>> classList = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(); try { Enumeration<URL> urls = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(packageName.replaceAll("\\.", "/")); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); if (url != null) { String protocol = url.getProtocol(); if (protocol.equals("file")) { String packagePath = url.getPath(); addClass(classList, packagePath, packageName, isRecursive); } else if (protocol.equals("jar")) { JarURLConnection jarURLConnection = (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection(); JarFile jarFile = jarURLConnection.getJarFile(); Enumeration<JarEntry> jarEntries = jarFile.entries(); while (jarEntries.hasMoreElements()) { JarEntry jarEntry = jarEntries.nextElement(); String jarEntryName = jarEntry.getName(); if (jarEntryName.endsWith(".class")) { String className = jarEntryName.substring(0, jarEntryName.lastIndexOf(".")).replaceAll("/", "."); if (isRecursive || className.substring(0, className.lastIndexOf(".")).equals(packageName)) { classList.add(Class.forName(className)); } } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return classList; } // 获取指定包名下的所有类(可根据注解进行过滤) public static List<Class<?>> getClassListByAnnotation(String packageName, Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) { List<Class<?>> classList = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(); try { Enumeration<URL> urls = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResources(packageName.replaceAll("\\.", "/")); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); if (url != null) { String protocol = url.getProtocol(); if (protocol.equals("file")) { String packagePath = url.getPath(); addClassByAnnotation(classList, packagePath, packageName, annotationClass); } else if (protocol.equals("jar")) { JarURLConnection jarURLConnection = (JarURLConnection) url.openConnection(); JarFile jarFile = jarURLConnection.getJarFile(); Enumeration<JarEntry> jarEntries = jarFile.entries(); while (jarEntries.hasMoreElements()) { JarEntry jarEntry = jarEntries.nextElement(); String jarEntryName = jarEntry.getName(); if (jarEntryName.endsWith(".class")) { String className = jarEntryName.substring(0, jarEntryName.lastIndexOf(".")).replaceAll("/", "."); Class<?> cls = Class.forName(className); if (cls.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) { classList.add(cls); } } } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return classList; } private static void addClass(List<Class<?>> classList, String packagePath, String packageName, boolean isRecursive) { try { File[] files = getClassFiles(packagePath); if (files != null) { for (File file : files) { String fileName = file.getName(); if (file.isFile()) { String className = getClassName(packageName, fileName); classList.add(Class.forName(className)); } else { if (isRecursive) { String subPackagePath = getSubPackagePath(packagePath, fileName); String subPackageName = getSubPackageName(packageName, fileName); addClass(classList, subPackagePath, subPackageName, isRecursive); } } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static File[] getClassFiles(String packagePath) { return new File(packagePath).listFiles(new FileFilter() { @Override public boolean accept(File file) { return (file.isFile() && file.getName().endsWith(".class")) || file.isDirectory(); } }); } private static String getClassName(String packageName, String fileName) { String className = fileName.substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(packageName)) { className = packageName + "." + className; } return className; } private static String getSubPackagePath(String packagePath, String filePath) { String subPackagePath = filePath; if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(packagePath)) { subPackagePath = packagePath + "/" + subPackagePath; } return subPackagePath; } private static String getSubPackageName(String packageName, String filePath) { String subPackageName = filePath; if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(packageName)) { subPackageName = packageName + "." + subPackageName; } return subPackageName; } private static void addClassByAnnotation(List<Class<?>> classList, String packagePath, String packageName, Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) { try { File[] files = getClassFiles(packagePath); if (files != null) { for (File file : files) { String fileName = file.getName(); if (file.isFile()) { String className = getClassName(packageName, fileName); Class<?> cls = Class.forName(className); if (cls.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass)) { classList.add(cls); } } else { String subPackagePath = getSubPackagePath(packagePath, fileName); String subPackageName = getSubPackageName(packageName, fileName); addClassByAnnotation(classList, subPackagePath, subPackageName, annotationClass); } } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持自学编程网。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。
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