Java设计模式之抽象工厂模式详解

一、什么是抽象工厂模式

为创建一组相关或相互依赖的对象提供一个接口，而且无需指定他们的具体类，这称之为抽象工厂模式（Abstract Factory）。我们并不关心零件的具体实现，而是只关心接口（API）。我们仅使用该接口（API）将零件组装称为产品。

二、示例程序

1、抽象的零件:Item类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
/**
 * 抽象的零件
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:16
 */
public abstract class Item {
    protected String caption;
 
    public Item(String caption) {
        this.caption = caption;
    }
 
    public abstract String makeHTML();
}

2、抽象的零件:Link类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:18
 */
public abstract class Link extends Item {
    protected String url;
    public Link(String caption,String url) {
        super(caption);
        this.url = url;
    }
 
 
 
}

3、抽象的零件:Tray类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
import java.util.ArrayList;
 
/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:20
 */
public abstract class Tray extends Item{
    protected ArrayList tray = new ArrayList();
 
    public Tray(String caption) {
        super(caption);
    }
    public void add(Item item){
        tray.add(item);
    }
}

4、抽象的产品:Page类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
 
/**
 * 抽象的产品
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:22
 */
public abstract class Page {
    protected String title;
    protected String author;
    protected ArrayList content = new ArrayList();
 
    public Page(String title, String author) {
        this.title = title;
        this.author = author;
    }
 
    public void add(Item item){
        content.add(item);
    }
 
    public void output(){
        String filename = title+".html";
        try {
            Writer writer = new FileWriter(filename);
            writer.write(this.makeHTML());
            writer.close();
            System.out.println(filename+"编写完成");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public abstract String makeHTML();
 
}

5、抽象的工厂:Factory类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
/**
 * 抽象的工厂
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:31
 */
public abstract class Factory {
    public static Factory getFactory(String className){
        Factory factory = null;
        try {
            factory = (Factory)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return factory;
    }
 
 
    public abstract Link createLink(String caption,String url);
    public abstract Tray createTray(String caption);
    public abstract Page createPage(String title,String author);
 
}

6、具体的工厂:ListFactory类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
/**
 * 具体的工厂
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:36
 */
public class ListFactory extends Factory {
 
 
    @Override
    public Link createLink(String caption, String url) {
        return new ListLink(caption,url);
    }
 
    @Override
    public Tray createTray(String caption) {
        return new ListTray(caption);
    }
 
    @Override
    public Page createPage(String title, String author) {
        return new ListPage(title,author);
    }
}

7、具体的零件:ListLink类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
/**
 * 具体的零件
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:37
 */
public  class ListLink extends Link{
    public ListLink(String caption,String url) {
        super(caption,url);
    }
 
    @Override
    public String makeHTML() {
        return "<li><a href=\">"+url+"\">"+caption+"</a></li>\n";
    }
 
 
}

8、具体的零件:ListTray类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
import java.util.Iterator;
 
/**
 * TODO
 *
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/4/29 23:43
 */
public class ListTray extends Tray {
    public ListTray(String caption) {
        super(caption);
    }
 
    @Override
    public String makeHTML() {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        buffer.append("<li>\n");
        buffer.append(caption+"\n");
        buffer.append("<ul>\n");
        Iterator it =  tray.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Item item = (Item)it.next();
            buffer.append(item.makeHTML());
        }
        buffer.append("</ul>\n");
        buffer.append("</li>\n");
        return buffer.toString();
    }
}

9、具体的零件:ListPage类

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
import java.util.Iterator;
 
/**
 * 具体的产品
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/5/4 10:42
 */
public class ListPage extends Page {
 
    public ListPage(String title, String author) {
        super(title, author);
    }
 
    @Override
    public String makeHTML() {
        StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
        buffer.append("<html><head><title>"+title+"</title></head>\n");
        buffer.append("<body>\n");
        buffer.append("<h1>"+title+"</h1>\n");
        buffer.append("<ul>\n");
        Iterator it = content.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Item item = (Item)it.next();
            buffer.append(item.makeHTML());
        }
        buffer.append("</ul>\n");
        buffer.append("<hr><address>"+author+"</address>");
        buffer.append("</body></html>\n");
        return buffer.toString();
    }
}

10、抽象工厂方法测试用例

package com.as.module.abstractfactory;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 *
 * @author Andy
 * @date 2021/5/4 10:54
 */
public class TestAbstractFactory {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Factory factory = Factory.getFactory("com.as.module.abstractfactory.ListFactory");
        Link people = factory.createLink("人民日报","http://www.people.com.cn/");
        Link gmw = factory.createLink("光明日报","http://www.gmw.cn/");
 
        Link baidu = factory.createLink("Baidu","http://www.baidu.com/");
        Link google = factory.createLink("Google","http://www.google.com/");
 
        Tray traynews = factory.createTray("日报");
        traynews.add(people);
        traynews.add(gmw);
 
        Tray traysearch = factory.createTray("搜索引擎");
        traysearch.add(baidu);
        traysearch.add(google);
 
        Page page = factory.createPage("LinkPage","Andy");
        page.add(traynews);
        page.add(traysearch);
        page.output();
 
    }
}

运行结果：

三、UML

登场角色：

1、AbstractProduct(抽象产品)

AbstractProduct角色负责定义AbstractPFactory角色所生成的抽象零件和产品的接口。在示例程序中，由Link类，Tray类和Page类扮演此角色

2、AbstractFactory(抽象工厂)

AbstractFactory角色负责定义用于生成抽象产品的接口。在示例程序中，由Factory

3、Client(委托者)

Client角色仅会调用AbstractProduct角色和AbstractFactory角色来进行工作，对于具体的零件，产品，工厂一无所知。示例程序中，由具体的TestAbstractFactory 扮演此角色

4、ConcreteProduct(具体产品)

ConcreteProduct角色负责实现抽象产品角色的接口，示例程序中，由ListLink,ListTray,ListPage类扮演此角色

5、ConcreteFactory(具体工厂)

到此这篇关于Java设计模式之抽象工厂模式详解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Java抽象工厂模式内容请搜索自学编程网以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持自学编程网！

编程技巧