1、java的大部分接口的方法都是串行执行的，但是有些业务场景是不需要同步返回结果的，可以把结果直接返回，具体业务异步执行，也有些业务接口是需要并行获取数据，最后把数据聚合在统一返回给前端。
通常我们都是采用多线程的方式来实现上述业务功能，但spring 提供更优雅的方式来实现上述功能，就是@Async 异步注解，在方法上添加@Async，spring就会借助AOP，异步执行方法。
1、如何启用@Async
spring boot通过@EnableAsync 注解启用@Async异步注解
实现AsyncConfigurer接口，getAsyncExecutor是默认自定义的线程池
/**
* 线程池配置（@Async）
*/
@Slf4j
@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class SimpleExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {
/** 线程池维护线程的最少数量 */
@Value("${executor.corePoolSize}")
private Integer corePoolSize;
/** 线程池维护线程的最大数量 */
@Value("${executor.maxPoolSize}")
private Integer maxPoolSize;
/** 缓冲队列的大小 */
@Value("${executor.queueCapacity}")
private Integer queueCapacity;
/** 为每个线程名设置一个前缀（1） */
@Value("${executor.threadNamePrefix}")
private String threadNamePrefix;
/** 为每个线程名设置一个前缀（2） */
@Value("${executor.threadNamePrefix_2}")
private String threadNamePrefix_2;
@Bean(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_1)
@Override
public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {
//线程池
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
@Bean(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2)
public Executor asyncExecutor2() {
//线程池
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize);
taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize);
taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity);
taskExecutor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix_2);
taskExecutor.initialize();
return taskExecutor;
}
}
2、如何使用@Async
下面是代码:
TestAsyncService类：
@Slf4j
@Service
public class TestAsyncService implements ITestAsyncService {
/**
* 异步方法，无返回值
* @return
*/
@Async
@Override
public void asyncFunction_1(){
handleBusinessTime();
log.info("asyncFunction_1 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName());
};
/////////////////异步方法，无返回值(指定线程池) start
/**
* 异步方法，无返回值(指定线程池)
* @return
*/
@Async(value = ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2)
@Override
public void asyncFunction_2(){
handleBusinessTime();
log.info("asyncFunction_2 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName());
};
@Async(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2)
@Override
public void asyncFunction_3(){
handleBusinessTime();
log.info("asyncFunction_3 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName());
};
/////////////////异步方法，无返回值(指定线程池) end
/**
* 异步方法，有返回值
* @return
*/
@Async
@Override
public Future<Integer> asyncReturnDta_1(){
handleBusinessTime();
log.info("asyncReturnDta_1 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName());
return new AsyncResult<Integer>(1);
};
/**
* 异步方法，有返回值(指定线程池)
* @return
*/
@Async(ExecutorConstant.simpleExecutor_2)
@Override
public Future<Integer> asyncReturnDta_2(){
handleBusinessTime();
log.info("asyncReturnDta_2 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName());
return new AsyncResult<Integer>(1);
};
/**
* 异步方法，有返回值-超时
* @return
*/
@Async
@Override
public Future<Integer> asyncReturnDtaTimeOut(){
handleBusinessTime();
handleBusinessTime();
handleBusinessTime();
handleBusinessTime();
log.info("asyncReturnDta_3 当前线程名称是：{}",Thread.currentThread().getName());
return new AsyncResult<Integer>(1);
};
/**
* 这方法 模拟处理业务或者 去操作数据库 消耗的时间
*/
public static void handleBusinessTime(){
//去数据库查询数据耗时 start
int[] sleepTime = NumberUtil.generateRandomNumber(2000,5000,1);
try {
//Thread.sleep 休眠的时候 相当于 业务操作，或者请求数据库的需要消耗的时间
Thread.sleep(sleepTime[0]);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//去数据库查询数据耗时 end
}
}
TestAsyncController
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/v1/async")
public class TestAsyncController {
@Autowired
ITestAsyncService testAsyncService;
@ApiOperation(value = "调用接口")
@RequestMapping(value = "/test", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Resp<Integer> test() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
log.info("asyncFunction_1 start");
testAsyncService.asyncFunction_1();
log.info("asyncFunction_1 start");
log.info("asyncFunction_2 start");
testAsyncService.asyncFunction_2();
log.info("asyncFunction_2 end");
log.info("asyncFunction_3 start");
testAsyncService.asyncFunction_3();
log.info("asyncFunction_3 end");
log.info("asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 start");
Future<Integer> future = testAsyncService.asyncReturnDta_1();
testAsyncService.asyncReturnDta_2();
log.info("asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 end");
Integer resp = future.get();
log.info("future.get() resp:{}",resp);
return Resp.buildDataSuccess(resp);
}
@ApiOperation(value = "调用接口-超时")
@RequestMapping(value = "/async_timeOut", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public Resp<Integer> async_timeOut() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TimeInterval timeInterval = DateUtil.timer();
log.info("asyncReturnDtaTimeOut start");
Future<Integer> future = testAsyncService.asyncReturnDtaTimeOut();
log.info("asyncReturnDtaTimeOut end");
Integer resp = null;
try {
//一秒内 返回不了数据就报错
resp = future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} catch (TimeoutException e) {
resp = -1;//请求超时了，相当于熔断，服务降级
log.error("asyncReturnDtaTimeOut future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) timeout:",e);
}
log.info("future.get() resp:{} 耗时：{}毫秒",resp,timeInterval.intervalRestart());
return Resp.buildDataSuccess(resp);
}
}
/v1/async/test 接口：
2021-06-20 21:09:30.490 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_1 start
2021-06-20 21:09:30.490 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_1 start
2021-06-20 21:09:30.490 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_2 start
2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_2 end
2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_3 start
2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncFunction_3 end
2021-06-20 21:09:30.491 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 start
2021-06-20 21:09:30.492 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDta_1 & asyncReturnDta_2 end
2021-06-20 21:09:32.679 INFO 14207 --- [le-1-executor-9] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncFunction_1 当前线程名称是：my-simple-1-executor-9
2021-06-20 21:09:33.454 INFO 14207 --- [le-2-executor-8] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncFunction_3 当前线程名称是：my-simple-2-executor-8
2021-06-20 21:09:33.578 INFO 14207 --- [le-2-executor-9] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncReturnDta_2 当前线程名称是：my-simple-2-executor-9
2021-06-20 21:09:34.101 INFO 14207 --- [e-1-executor-10] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncReturnDta_1 当前线程名称是：my-simple-1-executor-10
2021-06-20 21:09:34.102 INFO 14207 --- [nio-8666-exec-7] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : future.get() resp:1
2021-06-20 21:09:34.357 INFO 14207 --- [le-2-executor-7] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncFunction_2 当前线程名称是：my-simple-2-executor-7
从日志上可以看出，都是异步执行的
/v1/async/async_timeOut 接口：
2021-06-20 21:20:58.886 INFO 14427 --- [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDtaTimeOut start
2021-06-20 21:20:58.890 INFO 14427 --- [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDtaTimeOut end
2021-06-20 21:20:59.899 ERROR 14427 --- [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : asyncReturnDtaTimeOut future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) timeout:java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException: null
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:205) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
at com.example.multi.controller.TestAsyncController.async_timeOut(TestAsyncController.java:69) ~[classes/:na]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) ~[na:1.8.0_231]
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:197) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:141) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:106) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:894) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:808) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1063) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:963) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:626) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:4.0.FR]
at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883) [spring-webmvc-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:733) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:4.0.FR]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53) [tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:119) [spring-web-5.3.8.jar:5.3.8]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:542) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:143) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:357) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:374) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:893) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1707) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) [na:1.8.0_231]
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) [na:1.8.0_231]
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) [tomcat-embed-core-9.0.46.jar:9.0.46]
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748) [na:1.8.0_231]2021-06-20 21:20:59.900 INFO 14427 --- [nio-8666-exec-1] c.e.m.controller.TestAsyncController : future.get() resp:-1 耗时：1014毫秒
2021-06-20 21:21:12.105 INFO 14427 --- [le-1-executor-1] c.e.multi.service.impl.TestAsyncService : asyncReturnDta_3 当前线程名称是：my-simple-1-executor-1
从日志上看出，如果future.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) 到了超时时间，直接抛出超时异常，走主线程后续代码。
比较适合 规定时间范围内要返回数据（超时可以根据业务场景，返回一个默认值，或者返回值值就是空的）的业务场景
@Async原理+源码
原理：是通过spring aop + 线程池的方式来实现的
源码：
源码的方法位置是：AsyncExecutionInterceptor.invoke
107行：是获取一个线程池108行：如果没有设置线程池抛出异常113行：是创建一个线程对象 他的run方法执行invocation.proceed()【走实际业务代码】121和124行：走的是统一的异常处理 主要是调用handleUncaughtException方法，SimpleExecutorConfig 实现了AsyncConfigurer接口它就有getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler方法，可以重写这个方法，实现自定义的异常处理
下图是AsyncConfigurer接口可以实现的方法：
doSubmit方法：
实际上就是调用线程池的submit方法：
具体代码，我上传到gitee，大家感兴趣可以clone 传送门～
@Async源码参考于：
https://www.jb51.net/article/141542.htm
以上就是spring boot使用@Async异步注解的实现原理+源码的详细内容，更多关于spring boot异步注解的资料请关注自学编程网其它相关文章！
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