一、IOC如何获取对象
1.1 Spring是如何获取对象的?
①新建一个maven项目后导入webmvc的依赖:因为webmvc包含了很多其他依赖,为了省事,干脆导入一个总的,方便省事!版本嘛!个人比较喜欢用最新版。
1 2 3 4 5 | < dependency > < groupId >org.springframework</ groupId > < artifactId >spring-webmvc</ artifactId > < version >5.3.5</ version > </ dependency > |
②新建实体测试类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | public class Person { private String name; private int age; private String like; private String high; //get、set、tostring方法为了篇幅省略,可以自己加或者使用lombok } |
③在resources目录下新建ContextAplication.xml
文件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > < property name = "age" value = "23" ></ property > < property name = "name" value = "丁大大" ></ property > < property name = "like" value = "钓鱼" ></ property > < property name = "high" value = "173" ></ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
④以上前提之后,你会发现你的测试Person类种发生了变化:点击可以跳转到指定的xml位置哦~
⑤测试:
Context.getBean() 不指定类时,需要强制转换,所以建议使用第二种方式来获取对象
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "ContextAplication.xml" ); // Person person = (Person) Context.getBean("Person");//这里不指定的话需要强转,建议用下面的方式来拿对象 Person person = Context.getBean( "Person" ,Person. class ); System.out.println(person); } } |
⑥执行结果如下:成功拿到值!
⑦总结:
- 控制: 传统的程序对象的创建是由程序来控制创建的。
- 反转: 交给Spring容器来创建对象,而程序只负责被动的接收对象。这就是反转。
- 依赖注入: 就是通过set方法来注入的。
1.2 改造案例由xml选择创建对象
①xml:
1 2 3 4 5 | < bean id = "StudentMapperImpl" class = "mapper.impl.StudentMapperImpl" /> < bean id = "TeacherMapperImpl" class = "mapper.impl.TeacherMapperImpl" /> < bean id = "PersonServiceImpl" class = "service.impl.PersonServiceImpl" > < property name = "studentMapper" ref = "StudentMapperImpl" /> </ bean > |
②测试:
1 2 3 | ApplicationContext Context1 = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "ContextAplication.xml" ); PersonServiceImpl personServiceImpl = Context1.getBean( "PersonServiceImpl" , PersonServiceImpl. class ); personServiceImpl.getPersonInfo(); |
③执行结果:
⑤总结:
对象由Spring 来创建 , 管理 , 装配 !这就是 IOC!
二、IOC是通过什么方式来创建对象的?
2.1 通过无参构造函数来创建对象
①以Person类为例子,但是加上一个无参构造函数!
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | public class Person { private String name; private int age; private String like; private String high; public Person() { //输出一句话证明自己被调用了! System.out.println( "我是Person类的无参构造函数!我被调用了!!!!" ); } //set、get、tostring方法因为篇幅原因省略,请手动加上! } |
②xml中配置:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > < property name = "age" value = "23" ></ property > < property name = "name" value = "丁大大" ></ property > < property name = "like" value = "钓鱼" ></ property > < property name = "high" value = "173" ></ property > </ bean > </ beans > |
③测试类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "ContextAplication.xml" ); Person person = Context.getBean( "Person" , Person. class ); System.out.println(person); } } |
④执行结果:
⑤去除无参构造,增加有参构造:
xml配置程序直接报错:
⑥总结:
Spring创建对象默认是通过无参构造函数创建的!能通过有参构造函数来创建对象嘛?能!看下面!
2.2 通过有参构造方法来创建对象
①前提于 2.1 一致,新增有参构造函数:(因为类中,默认的也就是不写构造参数就是无参构造,写了有参构造才能真正意义上去除无参构造,这个不用解释太多吧,java基础的内容了~!)
1 2 3 4 5 6 | public Person(String name, int age, String like, String high) { this .name = name; this .age = age; this .like = like; this .high = high; } |
②xml配置文件中要发生一定的改变:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > <!-- <property name="name" value="丁大大"></property>--> <!-- <property name="age" value="23"></property>--> <!-- <property name="like" value="钓鱼"></property>--> <!-- <property name="high" value="173"></property>--> < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大" /> < constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
③执行结果:
⑤总结:
- 无参构造函数指定值时使用 propert 标签
- 有参构造函数指定值时使用 constructor-arg 标签,三种写法
- index --通过下标来给属性赋值
- name --通过属性名称来给属性赋值
- type -- 指定属性的类型来给属性赋值
- 基本类型可以直接写
- 引用类型得加上全称,如:java.lang.String
- 位置跟index差不多,依次从上到下对应属性的从上到下。
- 在配置文件加载的时候。其中管理的对象都已经初始化了!
三、Spring的配置
3.1 alias(别名):
- 为bean设置别名,可设置多个!
①xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias1" /> < alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias2" /> < alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias3" /> < bean id = "Person" class = "entity.Person" > < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大" /> < constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
②测试类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "ContextAplication.xml" ); Person person = Context.getBean( "personAlias1" , Person. class ); System.out.println(person); } } |
③执行结果:
④总结:讲实话,这玩意用处不大,因为还有更好的方式来设置别名!
3.2 Bean的配置:
- bean就相当于java对象,由Spring创建和管理
①xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias1" /> < alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias2" /> < alias name = "Person" alias = "personAlias3" /> < bean id = "Person" name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大" /> < constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
②测试类:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext Context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "ContextAplication.xml" ); Person person = Context.getBean( "person4" , Person. class ); System.out.println(person); } } |
③执行结果:
④总结:
- id是bean的唯一标识符
- 如果没有配置id,那么name相当于标识符,并且可以设置多个
- name也是别名,可多个,并且可以通过 逗号 空格 分号 来分隔,是不是比alias别名方便?所以设置别名我们一般使用name
- id和name同时存在,name只是别名,不是标识符
- class是类的全限定名 包名+类名
3.3 import(团队合作之导入)
①在实际工作的开发过程中,一个项目可能由多个程序员来进行开发,所以为了解决共性问题,比如:同一文件提交时都进行了修改可能引起冲突,所以我们使用import来解耦!
②新建多个xml配置文件:
ContextAplication.xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < import resource = "dyj1.xml" /> < import resource = "dyj3.xml" /> < import resource = "dyj2.xml" /> </ beans > |
dyj1.xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < bean name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大1" /> < constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼1" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
dyj2.xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < bean name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大2" /> < constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼2" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
dyj3.xml:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | <? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" > < bean name = "person1,person2 person3;person4" class = "entity.Person" > < constructor-arg index = "0" value = "丁大大3" /> < constructor-arg name = "age" value = "23" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "钓鱼3" /> < constructor-arg type = "java.lang.String" value = "173" /> </ bean > </ beans > |
③执行:
④总结:
- 如果三个文件都是对同一个操作同一个类,或者说内容一致,那么就以主xml中从上到下最后一个impot为准。
- 语法格式:
- 优点:
- 每个人开发的都是独立的,如果重复的内容,Spring会帮我们自动合并!
- 降低了程序的冲突性!
- 大大提高了后期代码的可维护性!
总结
本篇文章就到这里了,希望能帮助到你,也希望您能够多多关注自学编程网的更多内容!
- 本文固定链接: https://zxbcw.cn/post/216772/
- 转载请注明:必须在正文中标注并保留原文链接
- QQ群: PHP高手阵营官方总群(344148542)
- QQ群: Yii2.0开发(304864863)