SpringBoot项目中借助Mybatis来操作数据库,对大部分java技术栈的小伙伴来说,并不会陌生;我们知道,使用mybatis,一般会有下面几个
- Entity: 数据库实体类
- Mapper: db操作接口
- Service: 服务类
- xml文件:写sql的地方
本篇博文中主要介绍是Mapper接口与对应的xml文件如何关联的几种姿势(这个问题像不像"茴"字有几个写法😬)
I. 环境准备
1. 数据库准备
使用mysql作为本文的实例数据库,新增一张表
CREATE TABLE `money` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名', `money` int(26) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '钱', `is_deleted` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `create_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '创建时间', `update_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新时间', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `name` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
2. 项目环境
本文借助 SpringBoot 2.2.1.RELEASE + maven 3.5.3 + IDEA进行开发
pom依赖如下
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>2.2.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
db配置信息 application.yml
spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/story?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai username: root password:
II. 实例演示
前面基础环境搭建完成,接下来准备下Mybatis的Entity,Mapper等基础类
1. 实体类,Mapper类
数据库实体类MoneyPo
@Data public class MoneyPo { private Integer id; private String name; private Long money; private Integer isDeleted; private Timestamp createAt; private Timestamp updateAt; }
对应的Mapper接口(这里直接使用注解的方式来实现CURD)
public interface MoneyMapper { /** * 保存数据,并保存主键id * * @param po * @return int */ @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "po.id", keyColumn = "id") @Insert("insert into money (name, money, is_deleted) values (#{po.name}, #{po.money}, #{po.isDeleted})") int save(@Param("po") MoneyPo po); /** * 更新 * * @param id id * @param money 钱 * @return int */ @Update("update money set `money`=#{money} where id = #{id}") int update(@Param("id") int id, @Param("money") long money); /** * 删除数据 * * @param id id * @return int */ @Delete("delete from money where id = #{id}") int delete(@Param("id") int id); /** * 主键查询 * * @param id id * @return {@link MoneyPo} */ @Select("select * from money where id = #{id}") @Results(id = "moneyResultMap", value = { @Result(property = "id", column = "id", id = true, jdbcType = JdbcType.INTEGER), @Result(property = "name", column = "name", jdbcType = JdbcType.VARCHAR), @Result(property = "money", column = "money", jdbcType = JdbcType.INTEGER), @Result(property = "isDeleted", column = "is_deleted", jdbcType = JdbcType.TINYINT), @Result(property = "createAt", column = "create_at", jdbcType = JdbcType.TIMESTAMP), @Result(property = "updateAt", column = "update_at", jdbcType = JdbcType.TIMESTAMP)}) MoneyPo getById(@Param("id") int id); }
对应的Service类
@Slf4j @Service public class MoneyService { @Autowired private MoneyMapper moneyMapper; public void basicTest() { int id = save(); log.info("save {}", getById(id)); boolean update = update(id, 202L); log.info("update {}, {}", update, getById(id)); boolean delete = delete(id); log.info("delete {}, {}", delete, getById(id)); } private int save() { MoneyPo po = new MoneyPo(); po.setName("一灰灰blog"); po.setMoney(101L); po.setIsDeleted(0); moneyMapper.save(po); return po.getId(); } private boolean update(int id, long newMoney) { int ans = moneyMapper.update(id, newMoney); return ans > 0; } private boolean delete(int id) { return moneyMapper.delete(id) > 0; } private MoneyPo getById(int id) { return moneyMapper.getById(id); } }
2. 注册方式
注意,上面写完之后,若不通过下面的几种方式注册Mapper接口,项目启动会失败,提示找不到MoneyMapper对应的bean
Field moneyMapper in com.git.hui.boot.mybatis.service.MoneyService required a bean of type 'com.git.hui.boot.mybatis.mapper.MoneyMapper' that could not be found.
2.1 @MapperScan注册方式
在配置类or启动类上,添加@MapperScan注解来指定Mapper接口的包路径,从而实现Mapper接口的注册
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.git.hui.boot.mybatis.mapper") @SpringBootApplication public class Application { public Application(MoneyService moneyService) { moneyService.basicTest(); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class); } }
执行之后输出结果如下
2021-07-06 19:12:57.984 INFO 1876 --- [ main] c.g.h.boot.mybatis.service.MoneyService : save MoneyPo(id=557, name=一灰灰blog, money=101, isDeleted=0, createAt=2021-07-06 19:12:57.0, updateAt=2021-07-06 19:12:57.0)
2021-07-06 19:12:58.011 INFO 1876 --- [ main] c.g.h.boot.mybatis.service.MoneyService : update true, MoneyPo(id=557, name=一灰灰blog, money=202, isDeleted=0, createAt=2021-07-06 19:12:57.0, updateAt=2021-07-06 19:12:57.0)
2021-07-06 19:12:58.039 INFO 1876 --- [ main] c.g.h.boot.mybatis.service.MoneyService : delete true, null
注意:
- basePackages: 传入Mapper的包路径,数组,可以传入多个
- 包路径支持正则,如com.git.hui.boot.*.mapper
- 上面这种方式,可以避免让我们所有的mapper都放在一个包路径下,从而导致阅读不友好
- 上面这种方式,可以避免让我们所有的mapper都放在一个包路径下,从而导致阅读不友好
2.2 @Mapper 注册方式
前面的@MapperScan指定mapper的包路径,这个注解则直接放在Mapper接口上
@Mapper public interface MoneyMapper { ... }
测试输出省略...
2.3 MapperScannerConfigurer注册方式
使用MapperScannerConfigurer来实现mapper接口注册,在很久以前,还是使用Spring的xml进行bean的声明的时候,mybatis的mapper就是这么玩的
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="xxx"/> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/> </bean>
对应的java代码如下:
@Configuration public class AutoConfig { @Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactory") public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory(DataSource dataSource) throws Exception { SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); bean.setDataSource(dataSource); bean.setMapperLocations( // 设置mybatis的xml所在位置,这里使用mybatis注解方式,没有配置xml文件 new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath*:mapping/*.xml")); return bean.getObject(); } @Bean("sqlSessionTemplate") public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionFactory storySqlSessionFactory) { return new SqlSessionTemplate(storySqlSessionFactory); } @Bean public MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer() { MapperScannerConfigurer mapperScannerConfigurer = new MapperScannerConfigurer(); mapperScannerConfigurer.setBasePackage("com.git.hui.boot.mybatis.mapper"); mapperScannerConfigurer.setSqlSessionFactoryBeanName("sqlSessionFactory"); mapperScannerConfigurer.setSqlSessionTemplateBeanName("sqlSessionTemplate"); return mapperScannerConfigurer; } }
测试输出省略
3. 小结
本文主要介绍Mybatis中Mapper接口的三种注册方式,其中常见的两种注解方式
- @MapperScan: 指定Mapper接口的包路径
- @Mapper: 放在mapper接口上
- MapperScannerConfigurer: 编程方式注册
那么疑问来了,为啥要介绍这三种方式,我们实际的业务开发中,前面两个基本上就满足了;什么场景会用到第三种方式?
如写通用的Mapper(类似Mybatis-Plus中的BaseMapper)
如一个Mapper,多数据源的场景(如主从库,冷热库,db的操作mapper一致,但是底层的数据源不同)
III. 不能错过的源码和相关知识点
工程:https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo
源码:https://github.com/liuyueyi/spring-boot-demo/tree/master/spring-boot/104-mybatis-ano
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