python Django框架快速入门教程（后台管理）

django-admin startproject BookManage

python3 manage.py startapp bookApp

from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("图书管理系统")

# bookApp/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
# 当用户访问bookApp应用的主页时, 执行视图函数index,反向根据名称获取url地址;
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
]

# BookManage/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# 当用户访问的url地址以book开头, 请访问bookApp.urls这个url配置文件进行匹配并执行对应
的视图函数.
url(r'^book/', include('bookApp.urls')),
]

python3 manage.py runserver

MariaDB [(none)]> create database BookManage charset=utf8;

# .......
# 注释之前的sqlite数据库;
# DATABASES = {
#
'default': {
#
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
#
}
# }
# 添加新的Mysql数据库连接;
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'BookManage',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'westos',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
# .......
注意: Django 使用 MySQL 数据库需要安装 PyMySQL ,若已经安装请略过。
pip install pymysql

import pymysql
# MySQLdb只支持Python2.*,还不支持3.可以用PyMySQL代替。
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

# bookApp/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.class Book(models.Model):
# 定义属性:默认主键自增id字段可不写
title = models.CharField(max_length=20)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField()
# 定义默认输出格式
def __str__(self):
return "%d" % self.title
# 自定义对应的表名,默认表名:bookApp_book
class Meta:
db_table = "books"
class Hero(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
gender = models.BooleanField()
content = models.CharField(max_length=100)
Book = models.ForeignKey('Book', on_delete=False)
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name
# 自定义对应的表名,默认表名:bookApp_hero
class Meta:
db_table = "heros"

# BookManage/settings.py
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# .......此处省略
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# 新添加的app
'bookApp',
]

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

$ mysql -uroot -pwestos
MariaDB [(none)]> use BookManage
MariaDB [BookManage]> show tables;
MariaDB [BookManage]> desc books;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field
| Type
| Null | Key | Default | Extra
|
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11)
| title | varchar(20) | NO
| pub_date | datetime
| NO
| NO
| PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| | NULL | |
| | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
MariaDB [BookManage]> desc heros;
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field
| Type
| Null | Key | Default | Extra
|
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | tinyint(1) | NO | | NULL | |
| content | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Book_id | int(11) | MUL | NULL | |
| NO
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

python manage.py shell

from bookApp.models import Hero, Book

Book.objects.all()

from datetime import datetime
book = Book(title="射雕英雄传", pub_date=datetime(year=1990,month=1,day=10))
book.save()

book = Book.objects.get(pk=1)
book.id
book.title
book.pub_date

book.title = "天龙八部"
book.save()

book.delete()

# 书籍的创建
book = Book(title="倚天屠龙记", pub_date=datetime(year=1990,month=1,day=10))
book.save()
# 人物的创建
info1 = "峨眉第四代掌门人,先为峨眉派掌门灭绝师太的徒儿,颇获灭绝师太欢心并对她>青睐有加,将峨
眉派镇派之宝“蛾眉九阳功”传给了她,张无忌的追求者之一。"
info2 = "原名敏敏特穆尔,汝阳王(朝廷大将军察罕特穆尔)的女儿,封号“绍敏郡主”,>赵敏是她的汉
名,是从她的封号“绍敏郡主”而来。"
hero1 = Hero(name="周芷若", gender=False, info=info1)
hero2 = Hero(name="赵敏", gender=False, info=info2)
hero1.Book=book
hero2.Book=book
hero1.save()
hero2.save()

book.hero_set.all()

book.hero_set.create(name="张无忌",
gender=True,
content="武当派第二代“张五侠”张翠山与天鹰教紫微堂堂主殷素素的儿子")

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

# 按提示输入用户名、邮箱、密码
python manage.py createsuperuser

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

from django.contrib import admin
from models import Book
admin.site.register(Book)

# bookApp/models.py
class Book(models.Model):
# ........此处省略
# 自定义对应的表名,默认表名:bookApp_book
class Meta:
db_table = "books"
# 单数时显示的名称
verbose_name = '图书信息'
# 复数时显示的名称
verbose_name_plural = '图书信息'

# bookApp/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Book, Hero
# 书籍自定义管理页面
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['pk', 'title', 'pub_date']
list_filter = ['title']
search_fields = ['title']
list_per_page = 10# fields = ['pub_date', 'title']
fieldsets = [('基础信息', {'fields': ['title']}),
('详细信息', {'fields': ['pub_date']}), ]
# 人物自定义管理页面
class HeroAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'gender', 'content']
list_filter = ['name']
search_fields = ['name']
list_per_page = 10
# 关联注册
admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin)
admin.site.register(Hero, HeroAdmin)

ist_display:显示字段,可以点击列头进行排序
list_display = ['pk', 'title', 'pub_date']
list_filter:过滤字段,过滤框会出现在右侧
list_filter = ['title']
search_fields:搜索字段,搜索框会出现在上侧
search_fields = ['title']
list_per_page:分页,分页框会出现在下侧
list_per_page = 10

fields:属性的先后顺序
fields = ['pub_date', 'title']
fieldsets :属性分组, 注意: fields和fieldsets 只能设置一个.
fieldsets = [('基础信息', {'fields': ['title']}),
('详细信息', {'fields': ['pub_date']}), ]

# bookApp/admin.py
# class HeroInline(admin.TabularInline):
class HeroInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = Hero
extra = 2
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['pk', 'title', 'pub_date']
# .......此处省略部分重复代码
inlines = [HeroInline]

发布性别的显示不是一个直观的结果,可以使用方法进行封装
# bookApp/models.py
class Hero(models.Model):
#
.......此处省略部分重复代码
def sex(self):
if self.gender:
return
"男"
else:
return
"女"
在 admin 注册中使用 sex 代替 gender
# bookApp/admin.py
class HeroAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'sex', 'content']