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2021
11-19

Vue3和Electron实现桌面端应用详解

为了方便记录一些个人随笔，我最近用Laravel和Vue 3.0撸了一个博客系统，其中使用到了一个基于markdown-it 的 markdown 编辑器Vue组件v-md-editor。我感觉用它去编写markdown还是很方便的。后面就有了一个想法，基于此组件用Electron来实现一个markdown桌面端应用，自己平时拿来使用也是个不错的选择。

题外话：VS Code就是用Electron开发出来的桌面应用，我现在除了移动端的开发外，其他的都是使用VS Code来开发了，各种插件开发起来真的很方便。

接下来我就带大家来一步步来实现这个功能。

Vue CLI 搭建Vue项目

在选择的目录下执行vue create electron-vue3-mark-down

选择自定义的模板(可以选择默认的Vue 3 模板)

选择Vue3 和 TypeScript, 其他的选项基于自身项目决定是否选择

vue3 + TypeScript

执行npm run serve看看效果

效果

Vue项目改造为markdown编辑器

执行npm i @kangc/v-md-editor@next -S安装v-md-editor

添加TypeScript类型定义文件

由于v-md-editor这个库没有TypeScript类型定义文件，我就直接在shims-vue.d.ts这个文件的后面添加的，当然也可以新建一个文件添加申明(tsconfig.json能找到这个文件就OK)。

declare module "*.vue" {
  import type { DefineComponent } from "vue";
  const component: DefineComponent<{}, {}, any>;
  export default component;
}

<!-- 添加的内容 -->
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/vuepress.js";
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/index";
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/line-number/index";
declare module "@kangc/v-md-editor";
declare module "prismjs";

改造App.vue

<template>
  <div>
    <v-md-editor v-model="content" height="100vh"></v-md-editor>
  </div>
</template>

<script lang="ts">
// 编辑器
import VMdEditor from "@kangc/v-md-editor";
import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/style/base-editor.css";
import vuepress from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/vuepress.js";
import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/theme/style/vuepress.css";
// 高亮显示
import Prism from "prismjs";
import "prismjs/components/prism-json";
import "prismjs/components/prism-dart";
import "prismjs/components/prism-c";
import "prismjs/components/prism-swift";
import "prismjs/components/prism-kotlin";
import "prismjs/components/prism-java";

// 快捷复制代码
import createCopyCodePlugin from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/index";
import "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/copy-code/copy-code.css";
// 行号
import createLineNumbertPlugin from "@kangc/v-md-editor/lib/plugins/line-number/index";
VMdEditor.use(vuepress, {
  Prism,
})
  .use(createCopyCodePlugin())
  .use(createLineNumbertPlugin());

import { defineComponent, ref } from "vue";
export default defineComponent({
  name: "App",
  components: { VMdEditor },
  setup() {
    const content = ref("");

    return { content };
  },
});
</script>

<style>
/* 去掉一些按钮 */
.v-md-icon-save,
.v-md-icon-fullscreen {
  display: none;
}
</style>

这个文件也很简单，整个页面就是一个编辑器<v-md-editor v-model="content" height="100vh"></v-md-editor>，这个markdown编辑器有高亮显示，代码显示行号，复制代码按钮等插件，当然更方便的是可以添加其他的插件丰富这个markdown编辑器的功能.

效果如下

编辑器效果

Vue CLI Plugin Electron Builder

我尝试过用Vite 2.0去搭建Electron项目，但是没有找到类似的Vite和Electron结合好使的工具，所以放弃了Vite 2.0的诱惑。如果有小伙伴有推荐可以分享下。

使用vue add electron-builder安装，我选择的是13.0.0的Electron的最新版本。

我一般是选择最高的版本，其实这个版本有坑，我后面再想想要不要介绍下这个坑，哈哈。

效果

我们看到新加了很多的依赖库，还添加了一个background.ts文件。简单介绍下，这个文件执行在主线程，其他的页面都是在渲染线程。渲染线程有很多限制的，有些功能只能在主线程执行，这里就不具体展开了。

执行npm run electron:serve看效果

效果

至此，就可以看到桌面应用的效果了，并且边修改Vue的代码，桌面应用也能实时看到修改后的效果。

优化功能

启动全屏显示

引入screen

import { screen } from "electron";

创建窗口的时候设置为screen大小

<!-- background.ts -->
async function createWindow() {
  const { width, height } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize;
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width,
    height,
    // 省略...
  });
    // 省略...
}

这样应用启动的时候就是全屏显示了。

修改菜单栏

定义菜单栏

<!-- background.ts -->

const template: Array<MenuItemConstructorOptions> = [
  {
    label: "MarkDown",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "关于",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+W",
        role: "about",
      },
      {
        label: "退出程序",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Q",
        role: "quit",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "文件",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "打开文件",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+O",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
            // TODO: 打开文件         
        },
      },
      {
        label: "存储",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+S",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          // TODO: 存储内容  
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "编辑",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "撤销",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "undo",
      },
      {
        label: "重做",
        accelerator: "Shift+CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "redo",
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "剪切",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+X",
        role: "cut",
      },
      {
        label: "复制",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+C",
        role: "copy",
      },
      {
        label: "粘贴",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+V",
        role: "paste",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "窗口",
    role: "window",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "最小化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        role: "minimize",
      },
      {
        label: "最大化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.maximize();
          }
        },
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "切换全屏",
        accelerator: (function () {
          if (process.platform === "darwin") {
            return "Ctrl+Command+F";
          } else {
            return "F11";
          }
        })(),
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.setFullScreen(!focusedWindow.isFullScreen());
          }
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "帮助",
    role: "help",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "学习更多",
        click: function () {
          shell.openExternal("http://electron.atom.io");
        },
      },
    ],
  },
];

具体如何定义参阅Electron Menu。

打开文件和存储目前还没实现，后面实现。

设置菜单栏

import { Menu } from "electron";
app.on("ready", async () => {
  // 省略...
  // 创建菜单
  Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(template));
});

在ready钩子函数中进行设置Menu。

效果

菜单效果

编辑器打开markdonw文件的内容

主线程选择文件，将文件路径传给渲染线程

<!-- background.ts -->
dialog
  .showOpenDialog({
    properties: ["openFile"],
    filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
  })
  .then((res) => {
    if (res && res["filePaths"].length > 0) {
      const filePath = res["filePaths"][0];
      // 将文件传给渲染线程
      if (focusedWindow) {
        focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);
      }
    }
  })
  .catch((err) => {
    console.log(err);
  });

showOpenDialog是打开文件的方法，我们这里指定了只打开md文件；

获得文件路径后，通过focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);这个方法将文件路径传给渲染线程。

渲染线程取到文件路径，读取文件内容，赋值给markdown编辑器

<!-- App.vue -->
import { ipcRenderer } from "electron";
import { readFileSync } from "fs";

export default defineComponent({
  // 省略...
  setup() {
    const content = ref("");
    
    onMounted(() => {
      // 1.
      ipcRenderer.on("open-file-path", (e, filePath: string) => {
        if (filePath && filePath.length > 0) {
          // 2.
          content.value = readFileSync(filePath).toString();
        }
      });
    });

    return { content };
  },
});

vue添加node支持

<!-- vue.config.js -->
module.exports = {
  pluginOptions: {
    electronBuilder: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
    },
  },
};

效果

效果图

markdonw的内容存入文件

主线程发起向渲染线程获取编辑器内容的请求

<!-- background.js -->
if (focusedWindow) {
    focusedWindow.webContents.send("get-content", "");
}

渲染线程主线程向返回编辑器的内容

<!-- App.vue -->
onMounted(() => {
    ipcRenderer.on("get-content", () => {
        ipcRenderer.send("save-content", content.value);
    });
});

主线程收到内容然后存入文件

<!-- background.ts -->
// 存储文件
ipcMain.on("save-content", (event: unknown, content: string) => {
  if (openedFile.length > 0) {
    // 直接存储到文件中去
    try {
      writeFileSync(openedFile, content);
      console.log("保存成功");
    } catch (error) {
      console.log("保存失败");
    }
  } else {
    const options = {
      title: "保存文件",
      defaultPath: "new.md",
      filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
    };
    const focusedWindow = BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow();
    if (focusedWindow) {
      dialog
        .showSaveDialog(focusedWindow, options)
        .then((result: Electron.SaveDialogReturnValue) => {
          if (result.filePath) {
            try {
              writeFileSync(result.filePath, content);
              console.log("保存成功");
              openedFile = result.filePath;
            } catch (error) {
              console.log("保存失败");
            }
          }
        })
        .catch((error) => {
          console.log(error);
        });
    }
  }
});

效果

效果图

打包

设置应用的名字和图片

<!-- vue.config.js -->
module.exports = {
  pluginOptions: {
    electronBuilder: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      // 添加的设置
      builderOptions: {
        appId: "com.johnny.markdown", 
        productName: "JJMarkDown",  // 应用的名字
        copyright: "Copyright © 2021", //版权声明
        mac: {
          icon: "./public/icon.icns", // icon
        },
      },
    },
  },
};

icon.icns生成 准备一个1024*1024的图片，同级目录下创建一个为icons.iconset的文件夹；

创建各种不同尺寸要求的图片文件

sips -z 16 16 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_16x16.png
sips -z 32 32 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_16x16@2x.png
sips -z 32 32 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_32x32.png
sips -z 64 64 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_32x32@2x.png
sips -z 128 128 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_128x128.png
sips -z 256 256 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_128x128@2x.png
sips -z 256 256 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_256x256.png
sips -z 512 512 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_256x256@2x.png
sips -z 512 512 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_512x512.png
sips -z 1024 1024 icon.png -o icons.iconset/icon_512x512@2x.png

获得名为icon.icns的图标文件

iconutil -c icns icons.iconset -o icon.icns

打包

npm run electron:build

结果

dmg

获得的dmg文件就可以直接安装使用了。

代码

<!-- background.ts -->
"use strict";

import {
  app,
  protocol,
  BrowserWindow,
  screen,
  Menu,
  MenuItem,
  shell,
  dialog,
  ipcMain,
} from "electron";
import { KeyboardEvent, MenuItemConstructorOptions } from "electron/main";
import { createProtocol } from "vue-cli-plugin-electron-builder/lib";
import installExtension, { VUEJS3_DEVTOOLS } from "electron-devtools-installer";
const isDevelopment = process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production";
import { writeFileSync } from "fs";

let openedFile = "";
// 存储文件
ipcMain.on("save-content", (event: unknown, content: string) => {
  if (openedFile.length > 0) {
    // 直接存储到文件中去
    try {
      writeFileSync(openedFile, content);
      console.log("保存成功");
    } catch (error) {
      console.log("保存失败");
    }
  } else {
    const options = {
      title: "保存文件",
      defaultPath: "new.md",
      filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
    };
    const focusedWindow = BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow();
    if (focusedWindow) {
      dialog
        .showSaveDialog(focusedWindow, options)
        .then((result: Electron.SaveDialogReturnValue) => {
          if (result.filePath) {
            try {
              writeFileSync(result.filePath, content);
              console.log("保存成功");
              openedFile = result.filePath;
            } catch (error) {
              console.log("保存失败");
            }
          }
        })
        .catch((error) => {
          console.log(error);
        });
    }
  }
});

const template: Array<MenuItemConstructorOptions> = [
  {
    label: "MarkDown",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "关于",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+W",
        role: "about",
      },
      {
        label: "退出程序",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Q",
        role: "quit",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "文件",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "打开文件",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+O",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          dialog
            .showOpenDialog({
              properties: ["openFile"],
              filters: [{ name: "Custom File Type", extensions: ["md"] }],
            })
            .then((res) => {
              if (res && res["filePaths"].length > 0) {
                const filePath = res["filePaths"][0];
                // 将文件传给渲染线程
                if (focusedWindow) {
                  focusedWindow.webContents.send("open-file-path", filePath);
                  openedFile = filePath;
                }
              }
            })
            .catch((err) => {
              console.log(err);
            });
        },
      },
      {
        label: "存储",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+S",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.webContents.send("get-content", "");
          }
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "编辑",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "撤销",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "undo",
      },
      {
        label: "重做",
        accelerator: "Shift+CmdOrCtrl+Z",
        role: "redo",
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "剪切",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+X",
        role: "cut",
      },
      {
        label: "复制",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+C",
        role: "copy",
      },
      {
        label: "粘贴",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+V",
        role: "paste",
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "窗口",
    role: "window",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "最小化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        role: "minimize",
      },
      {
        label: "最大化",
        accelerator: "CmdOrCtrl+M",
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.maximize();
          }
        },
      },
      {
        type: "separator",
      },
      {
        label: "切换全屏",
        accelerator: (function () {
          if (process.platform === "darwin") {
            return "Ctrl+Command+F";
          } else {
            return "F11";
          }
        })(),
        click: (
          item: MenuItem,
          focusedWindow: BrowserWindow | undefined,
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
          _event: KeyboardEvent
        ) => {
          if (focusedWindow) {
            focusedWindow.setFullScreen(!focusedWindow.isFullScreen());
          }
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  {
    label: "帮助",
    role: "help",
    submenu: [
      {
        label: "学习更多",
        click: function () {
          shell.openExternal("http://electron.atom.io");
        },
      },
    ],
  },
];

protocol.registerSchemesAsPrivileged([
  { scheme: "app", privileges: { secure: true, standard: true } },
]);

async function createWindow() {
  const { width, height } = screen.getPrimaryDisplay().workAreaSize;
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width,
    height,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      contextIsolation: false,
    },
  });

  if (process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL) {
    // Load the url of the dev server if in development mode
    await win.loadURL(process.env.WEBPACK_DEV_SERVER_URL as string);
    if (!process.env.IS_TEST) win.webContents.openDevTools();
  } else {
    createProtocol("app");
    // Load the index.html when not in development
    win.loadURL("app://./index.html");
  }
}

// Quit when all windows are closed.
app.on("window-all-closed", () => {
  // On macOS it is common for applications and their menu bar
  // to stay active until the user quits explicitly with Cmd + Q
  if (process.platform !== "darwin") {
    app.quit();
  }
});

app.on("activate", () => {
  // On macOS it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
  // dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.on("ready", async () => {
  if (isDevelopment && !process.env.IS_TEST) {
    // Install Vue Devtools
    try {
      await installExtension(VUEJS3_DEVTOOLS);
    } catch (e) {
      console.error("Vue Devtools failed to install:", e.toString());
    }
  }
  createWindow();
  // 创建菜单
  Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(template));
});

// Exit cleanly on request from parent process in development mode.
if (isDevelopment) {
  if (process.platform === "win32") {
    process.on("message", (data) => {
      if (data === "graceful-exit") {
        app.quit();
      }
    });
  } else {
    process.on("SIGTERM", () => {
      app.quit();
    });
  }
}

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