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2020
09-24

Spring Boot JPA中使用@Entity和@Table的实现

本文中我们会讲解如何在Spring Boot JPA中实现class和数据表格的映射。

默认实现

Spring Boot JPA底层是用Hibernate实现的,默认情况下,数据库表格的名字是相应的class名字的首字母大写。命名的定义是通过接口ImplicitNamingStrategy来定义的:

  /**
   * Determine the implicit name of an entity's primary table.
   *
   * @param source The source information
   *
   * @return The implicit table name.
   */
  public Identifier determinePrimaryTableName(ImplicitEntityNameSource source);

我们看下它的实现ImplicitNamingStrategyJpaCompliantImpl:

  @Override
  public Identifier determinePrimaryTableName(ImplicitEntityNameSource source) {
    if ( source == null ) {
      // should never happen, but to be defensive...
      throw new HibernateException( "Entity naming information was not provided." );
    }

    String tableName = transformEntityName( source.getEntityNaming() );

    if ( tableName == null ) {
      // todo : add info to error message - but how to know what to write since we failed to interpret the naming source
      throw new HibernateException( "Could not determine primary table name for entity" );
    }

    return toIdentifier( tableName, source.getBuildingContext() );
  }

如果我们需要修改系统的默认实现,则可以实现接口PhysicalNamingStrategy:

public interface PhysicalNamingStrategy {
  public Identifier toPhysicalCatalogName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment jdbcEnvironment);

  public Identifier toPhysicalSchemaName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment jdbcEnvironment);

  public Identifier toPhysicalTableName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment jdbcEnvironment);

  public Identifier toPhysicalSequenceName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment jdbcEnvironment);

  public Identifier toPhysicalColumnName(Identifier name, JdbcEnvironment jdbcEnvironment);
}

使用@Table自定义表格名字

我们可以在@Entity中使用@Table来自定义映射的表格名字:

@Entity
@Table(name = "ARTICLES")
public class Article {
  // ...
}

当然,我们可以将整个名字写在静态变量中:

@Entity
@Table(name = Article.TABLE_NAME)
public class Article {
  public static final String TABLE_NAME= "ARTICLES";
  // ...
}

在JPQL Queries中重写表格名字

通常我们在@Query中使用JPQL时可以这样用:

@Query(“select * from Article”)

其中Article默认是Entity类的Class名称,我们也可以这样来修改它:

@Entity(name = "MyArticle")

这时候我们可以这样定义JPQL:

@Query(“select * from MyArticle”)

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