MySQL如何使用使用Xtrabackup进行备份和恢复

    create user backup@'localhost' identified by '123456';
    grant reload,process,lock tables,replication client on *.* to backup@localhost;

    innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=backup --password=123456 /backup/

    innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=backup --password=123456 --incremental --incremental-basedir=/backup/2021-06-01_14-44-54 /backup/

    innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /backup/2021-06-01_14-44-54/

    innobackupex --copy-back --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data /backup/2021-06-01_14-44-54/

    chown -R mysql:mysql data/

    #!/bin/bash
    # 获得程序路径名
    program_dir=`dirname $0`/..
    # 读取配置文件中的所有变量值, 设置为全局变量
    # 配置文件
    conf_file="$program_dir/conf/backup.conf"
    # mysql 用户
    user=`sed '/^user=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # mysql 密码
    password=`sed '/^password=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # mysql 备份目录
    backup_dir=`sed '/^backup_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # mysql 备份压缩打包目录
    gzip_dir=`sed '/^gzip_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # percona-xtrabackup命令xtrabackup路径
    xtrabackup_bin=`sed '/^xtrabackup_bin=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # mysql 全备前缀标识
    full_backup_prefix=`sed '/^full_backup_prefix=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # mysql 增量备前缀标识
    increment_prefix=`sed '/^increment_prefix=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # 备份错误日志文件
    error_log=$program_dir/var/`sed '/^error_log=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # 备份索引文件
    index_file=$program_dir/var/`sed '/^index_file=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # 备份日期
    backup_date=`date +%F`
    # 备份时间
    backup_time=`date +%H-%M-%S`
    # 备份时的周几
    backup_week_day=`date +%u`
    # 创建相关目录
    log_dir=$program_dir/log/backup
    var_dir=$program_dir/var
    mkdir -p $backup_dir
    mkdir -p $log_dir
    mkdir -p $var_dir
    mkdir -p $gzip_dir
    # 全量备份
    function full_backup() {
      backup_folder=${full_backup_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}
      mkdir -p $backup_dir/$backup_folder
      $xtrabackup_bin \
        --user=$user \
        --password=$password \
        --backup \
        --target-dir=$backup_dir/$backup_folder > $log_dir/${backup_folder}.log 2>&1
      return $?
    }
    # 增量备份
    function increment_backup() {
      backup_folder=${increment_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}
      incr_base_folder=`sed -n '$p' $index_file | \
                       awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \
                       awk -F ':' '{print $2}'`
      mkdir -p $backup_dir/$backup_folder
      $xtrabackup_bin \
        --user=$user \
        --password=$password \
        --backup \
        --target-dir=$backup_dir/$backup_folder \
        --incremental-basedir=$backup_dir/$incr_base_folder > $log_dir/${backup_folder}.log 2>&1
      return $?
    }
    # 删除之前的备份(一般在全备完成后使用)
    function delete_before_backup() {
      cat $index_file | awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \
        awk -v backup_dir=$backup_dir -F ':' '{if($2!=""){printf("rm -rf %s/%s\n", backup_dir, $2)}}' | \
        /bin/bash
      cat $index_file | awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \
        awk -v gzip_dir=$gzip_dir -F ':' '{if($2!=""){printf("rm -rf %s/%s\n", gzip_dir, $2)}}' | \
        /bin/bash
      cat $index_file | awk -F '[, {}]*' '{print $3}' | \
        awk -v log_dir=$log_dir -F ':' '{if($2!=""){printf("rm -rf %s/%s.log\n", log_dir, $2)}}' | \
        /bin/bash
    }
    # 备份索引文件
    function backup_index_file() {
      cp $index_file ${index_file}_$(date -d "1 day ago" +%F)
    }
    # 备份索引文件
    function send_index_file_to_remote() {
      # ./expect_scp ip地址 账号 密码  ${index_file} 目标服务器存放的文件夹 端口号 
      echo 'send index file ok'
    }
    # 添加索引, 索引记录了当前最新的备份
    function append_index_to_file() {
      echo "{week_day:$backup_week_day, \
             dir:${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}, \
             type:${1}, \
             date:${backup_date}}" >> $index_file
    }
    # 记录错误消息到文件
    function logging_backup_err() {
      echo "{week_day:$backup_week_day, \
             dir:${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}, \
             type:${1}, \
             date:${backup_date}}" >> $error_log
    }
    # 清空索引
    function purge_index_from_file() {
      > $index_file
    }
    # 清空错误日志信息
    function purge_err_log() {
      > $error_log
    }
    # 打包备份
    function tar_backup_file() {
      cd $backup_dir
      tar -jcf ${gzip_dir}/${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}.tar.bz2 \
               ${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}
      cd - > /dev/null
      rm -rf ${backup_dir}/${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}
    }
    # 发送备份到远程
    function send_backup_to_remote() {
      #  ./expect_scp ip地址 账号 密码 ${gzip_dir}/${1}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}.tar.bz2 目标服务器存放的文件夹 端口号 
      echo "send $1 remote ok"
    }
    # 判断是应该全备还是增量备份
    # 0:full, 1:incr
    function get_backup_type() {
      backup_type=0
      if [ 1 -eq `date +%H` ]; then
        backup_type=0
      else
        backup_type=1
      fi
      touch $index_file
      if [ ! -n "`cat $index_file`" ]; then
        backup_type=0
      fi
      return $backup_type
    }
    # 测试配置文件正确性
    function test_conf_file() {
      # 判断每个变量是否在配置文件中有配置，没有则退出程序
      if [ ! -n "$user" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file user not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$password" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file password not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$backup_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_dir not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$gzip_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_dir not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$full_backup_prefix" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file full_backup_prefix not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$increment_prefix" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file increment_prefix not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$error_log" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file error_log not set'; exit 2; fi
      if [ ! -n "$index_file" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file index_file not set'; exit 2; fi
    }
    # 执行
    function main() {
      # 检测配置文件值
      test_conf_file
      # 判断是执行全备还是增量备份
      get_backup_type
      backup_type=$?
      case $backup_type in
        0 )
          # 全量备份
          full_backup
          backup_ok=$?
          if [ 0 -eq "$backup_ok" ]; then
          # 全备成功
            # 打包最新备份
            tar_backup_file $full_backup_prefix
            # # 将tar备份发送到远程
            send_backup_to_remote $full_backup_prefix
            # 备份索引文件
            backup_index_file
            # 清除之前的备份
            delete_before_backup
            # 清除索引文件
            purge_index_from_file
            # 添加索引, 索引记录了当前最新的备份
            append_index_to_file $full_backup_prefix
            # 发送索引文件到远程
            send_index_file_to_remote
          else
          # 全备失败
            # 删除备份目录
            rm -rf ${backup_dir}/${full_backup_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}
            # 记录错误日志
            logging_backup_err $full_backup_prefix
          fi
          ;;
        1 )
          # 增量备份
          increment_backup
          backup_ok=$?
          if [ "$backup_ok" -eq 0 ]; then
          # 增量备份成功
            # 打包最新备份
            tar_backup_file $increment_prefix
            # # 将tar备份发送到远程
            send_backup_to_remote $increment_prefix
            # 添加索引, 索引记录了当前最新的备份
            append_index_to_file $increment_prefix
            # # 发送索引文件到远程
            send_index_file_to_remote
          else
          # 增量备份失败
            # 删除备份目录
            rm -rf ${backup_dir}/${increment_prefix}_${backup_date}_${backup_time}_${backup_week_day}
            # 记录错误日志
            logging_backup_err $increment_prefix
          fi
          ;;
      esac
    }
    main

    # mysql 用户名
    user=backup
    # mysql 密码
    password=123456
    # 备份路径
    backup_dir=/data/backup
    # 备份压缩打包目录
    gzip_dir=/data/backups/backups_zip
    # innobackupex 命令路径
    xtrabackup_bin=/opt/xtrabackup/bin/xtrabackup
    # 全量备信息名称 前缀
    full_backup_prefix=full
    # 增量备信息名称 前缀
    increment_prefix=incr
    # 错误日志文件(根据此文件知道备份是否成功)
    # format:
    # {week_day:1,dir:full/incr_2015-12-29_00-00-00_7,type:full/incr,date:2015-12-30}
    error_log=mysql_increment_hot_backup.err
    # 索引文件
    # format:
    # {week_day:1,dir:full/incr_2015-12-29_00-00-00_7,type:full/incr,date:2015-12-30}
    index_file=mysql_increment_hot_backup.index

    #!/bin/bash
    # 获得程序路径名
    program_dir=`dirname $0`/..
    # 读取配置文件中的所有变量值, 设置为全局变量
    # 配置文件
    conf_file="$program_dir/conf/restore.conf"
    # MySQL 数据文件夹
    data_dir=`sed '/^data_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # 备份索引文件路径
    backup_index_file=`sed '/^backup_index_file=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # percona-xtrabackup命令xtrabackup路径
    xtrabackup_bin=`sed '/^xtrabackup_bin=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # 备份文件目录
    backup_restore_dir=`sed '/^backup_restore_dir=/!d;s/.*=//' $conf_file`
    # 检查配置文件正确性
    function exam_conf_file() {
        # 判断每个变量是否在配置文件中有配置，没有则退出程序
        if [ ! -n "$data_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file data_dir not set'; exit 2; fi
        if [ ! -n "$backup_index_file" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_index_file not set'; exit 2; fi
        if [ ! -n "$xtrabackup_bin" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file xtrabackup_bin not set'; exit 2; fi
        if [ ! -n "$backup_restore_dir" ]; then echo 'fail: configure file backup_restore_dir not set'; exit 2; fi
    }
    # 检查备份文件是否是压缩格式
    function exam_backup_restore_file(){
        file_backup_restore_name_arr=`ls $backup_restore_dir`
        for file_name in $file_backup_restore_name_arr;do
            if [ "${file_name##*.}"x = "bz2"x ];then
                tar -jxf $backup_restore_dir/$file_name -C $backup_restore_dir
                rm -rf $backup_restore_dir/$file_name
            fi

        done
    }
    # 检查 MySQL 是否停止
    function exam_mysql_is_stop(){
        if [ 0 -eq `ps -ef | grep mysql | grep -v grep | wc -l` ]; then
            echo "MySQL 服务已停止"
        else
            /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
            echo "正在停止 MySQL 服务"
            sleep 3
            echo "已停止 MySQL 服务"
        fi
    }
    # 检查 MySQL data 文件是否删除
    function exam_data_is_del(){
        if [ -d $data_dir ];then
            echo "正在删除 MySQL 的data文件"
            rm -rf $data_dir
        else
            echo "MySQL 的数据文件已删除 "
        fi
    }
    # 读取备份索引文件
    function read_backup_index() {
        cat $backup_index_file | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F: '{print $2}' | awk '{sub(/.$/,"")}1'
    }
    # 准备全备文件
    function ready_full(){
        full_file_name=`echo ${1} | awk '{print $1}'`
        $xtrabackup_bin/innobackupex \
            --apply-log \
            --redo-only \
            $backup_restore_dir/$full_file_name

        echo "全备文件已准备好"
    }
    # 准备增备文件
    function ready_incr(){
        backup_index=$(read_backup_index)
        full_file_name=`echo $backup_index | awk '{print $1}'`
        for file_name in $backup_index;do
            if [ 1 -eq `echo "$file_name" | grep incr | wc -l` ]; then 
                $xtrabackup_bin/innobackupex \
                    --apply-log \
                    --redo-only \
                    $backup_restore_dir/$full_file_name \
                    --incremental-dir=$backup_restore_dir/$file_name
            fi
        done
        echo "增备文件已准备好"
    }
    # 执行备份恢复
    function exec_backup_restore(){
        echo "开始进行备份恢复"
        full_file_name=`echo ${1} | awk '{print $1}' `
        $xtrabackup_bin/innobackupex \
            --copy-back \
            --datadir=$data_dir \
            $backup_restore_dir/$full_file_name
    }
    # 执行
    function main() {
        # 检查配置文件正确性
        exam_conf_file
        # 检查备份文件是否是压缩格式
        exam_backup_restore_file
        # 检查 MySQL 是否停止
        exam_mysql_is_stop
        # 检查 MySQL data 文件是否删除
        exam_data_is_del
        # 读取索引文件
        backup_index=$(read_backup_index)
        # 准备全备文件
        ready_full $backup_index
        # 准备增备文件
        ready_incr
        # 执行备份恢复
        exec_backup_restore $backup_index
        # 对数据文件进行赋权
        echo "重新对数据目录赋权"
        chown -R mysql:mysql $data_dir
        echo "正在启动MySQL"
        /etc/init.d/mysqld start
        echo "备份恢复成功"
    }
    main

    # MySQL 数据文件夹
    data_dir=/opt/mysql/data
    #备份索引文件路径
    backup_index_file=/opt/xtrabackup/backup/var/mysql_increment_hot_backup.index
    #xtrabackup bin 的目录 
    xtrabackup_bin=/opt/xtrabackup/bin
    # 备份文件目录
    backup_restore_dir=/data/backups/backups_zip